Abstract: A sound legislative system for general practitioners（GPs） is essential to ensure the development of GPs.Determination of the role，responsibilities，rights and interests of GPs in the healthcare system by legislation，and regulation of the occupation and practice of GPs by laws，are active responses to the national initiatives for the development of hierarchical medical system and initial consultation in primary care，and the construction of general practice workforce，and are also contributive to the implementation of hierarchical medical system.We combed the health legislation concerning GPs in the U.K.，Canada，Hungary，Sweden，and Portugal，and summarized that in these 5 countries，a tiered national healthcare system，and the role，requirements for eligibility，practice scope，rights，interests and obligations of GPs are determined by health laws.On the basis of the above advanced experience，we put forward specific and feasible suggestions for legal protection of GPs in China.

Key words: General practitioners；Legislation, medical；Hierarchical medical system

摘要： 完善的全科医生立法是全科医生制度发展的根本保障。在国家倡导实行分级诊疗、强调基层首诊和加强全科医生队伍建设的大环境下，通过立法确立全科医生在医疗体系中的地位，明确其职责、权利及义务，以法律规范全科医生这一职业及其执业过程，才能推进分级诊疗制度的顺利进行。本文梳理了英国、加拿大、匈牙利、瑞典、葡萄牙的全科医生相关立法，发现各国均以卫生法律的形式确定了分层次的医疗卫生服务体系，并且规定了全科医生在卫生服务体系中的定位、准入要求、执业范围及权利和义务。本文以此为基础，对我国全科医生的法律保障提出了具体且可行的建议。

关键词: 全科医生；立法, 医学；分级诊疗