Abstract: Diet plays a vital role in the diabetes incidence and glycemic control.Numerous researches reveal that high-carbohydrate and high-fat（HCHF） diet has an important impact on the incidence of T1DM and T2DM as well as glycemic control.Therefore，the control of HCHF diet can contribute to the control of glycemic level.Blood glucose is influenced directly by the high proportion of carbohydrate intake in the total amount of calories，eating red meat，eating processed meat and drinking soft drink.In contrast，vegetarian diet is conducive to reducing the incidence of diabetes，and Mediterranean diet including milk，olive oil and fish is also beneficial to the prevention and control of diabetes.The studies concerning the relationship between diet and diabetes have been reviewed systematically，in order to guide diabetic patients to have a reasonable diet.

Key words: Diabetes mellitus；Blood glucose；Diet；Diet, Mediterranean；Diet, vegetarian

摘要： 饮食是糖尿病发病和血糖控制中的一个至关重要的因素。大量研究显示，高糖、高脂饮食对1型糖尿病（T1DM）、2型糖尿病（T2DM）发病率及血糖控制均有重要影响，而控制高糖、高脂饮食则可有效控制血糖水平。糖摄入量在总卡路里量中的比例过高以及食用红肉和加工肉制品、饮用软饮料等对血糖均有直接影响。素食有助于降低糖尿病发病率，地中海饮食结构中的牛奶、橄榄油、鱼肉也有益于糖尿病预防和控制。本文通过对关于饮食与糖尿病关系的论文进行系统检索，以期对糖尿病患者合理饮食有所指导。

关键词: 糖尿病, 血糖, 饮食, 膳食, 地中海, 膳食, 素食者