中国全科医学 ›› 2025, Vol. 28 ›› Issue (15): 1878-1883.DOI: 10.12114/j.issn.1007-9572.2024.0463

• 论著·专病研究·心肌梗死 • 上一篇    下一篇

乳酸脱氢酶与白蛋白比值与急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死急诊经皮冠状动脉介入治疗术后患者预后的相关性研究

曹干1,2, 邓毅凡2,3,4, 何胜虎2,3, 张晶1,2,3,4,*()   

  1. 1.225001 江苏省扬州市,徐州医科大学扬州临床学院
    2.225001 江苏省扬州市,苏北人民医院心血管内科
    3.225001 江苏省扬州市,扬州大学附属苏北人民医院
    4.225001 江苏省扬州市,扬州大学医学院
  • 收稿日期:2024-09-13 修回日期:2024-12-22 出版日期:2025-05-20 发布日期:2025-03-21
  • 通讯作者: 张晶

  • 作者贡献:

    曹干进行数据的收集整理以及统计学分析,并撰写文章;邓毅凡、何胜虎承担文章的完善及修订;张晶负责文章的质量控制及审校,确保文章的严谨性。

  • 基金资助:
    中华中医药学会-和黄药业科研基金(2023HH-014); 2024年江苏省研究生科研与实践创新计划项目(SJCX24_1564); 2023年江苏省研究生科研与实践创新计划项目(SJCX23_2024)

Study on the Correlation between the Lactate Dehydrogenase-to-albumin Ratio and Prognosis in Patients with Acute ST-segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction after Emergency PCI

CAO Gan1,2, DENG Yifan2,3,4, HE Shenghu2,3, ZHANG Jing1,2,3,4,*()   

  1. 1. The Yangzhou Clinical Medical College of Xuzhou Medical University, Jiangsu Yangzhou 225001, China
    2. Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital, Jiangsu Yangzhou 225001, China
    3. Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital Affiliated to Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225001, China
    4. Medical College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225001, China
  • Received:2024-09-13 Revised:2024-12-22 Published:2025-05-20 Online:2025-03-21
  • Contact: ZHANG Jing

摘要: 背景 部分急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死(STEMI)患者虽已行急诊经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI),且接受了规范的二级预防用药,仍会发生主要不良心血管事件(MACEs)。乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)与白蛋白(ALB)比值(LAR)作为预后标志物,在肿瘤及脓毒血症患者的预后预测中具有良好效能,但LAR与STEMI相关的研究尚少,且对急性STEMI行PCI术后患者发生MACEs的预测价值有待研究。 目的 探讨LAR与STEMI行急诊PCI术后患者预后的相关性。 方法 回顾性选取2021年1月—2023年6月在苏北人民医院诊断为STEMI并行急诊PCI术的患者370例为研究对象,收集基线资料和入院时首次空腹的生化检验数据,通过电话、门诊、问卷调查、再入院等方式对入组患者进行随访,随访期限为1年,随访终点事件为出现MACEs。随访结束后依据是否发生MACEs将患者分为MACEs组(n=76)和非MACEs组(n=294)。采用单因素和多因素Cox比例风险回归模型分析探讨患者发生MACEs的影响因素。绘制受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线评估LAR预测患者发生MACEs的价值并计算ROC曲线下面积(AUC)。绘制Kaplan-Meier生存曲线比较患者随访过程中累积生存率的差异,组间比较采用Log-rank检验。 结果 MACEs组和非MACEs组基线资料比较结果显示,MACEs组血红蛋白、中性粒细胞计数、低密度脂蛋白、丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)、天冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)、LDH、LAR、Gensini评分高于非MACEs组,左心室射血分数(LVEF)低于非MACEs组(P<0.05)。多因素Cox比例风险回归分析结果显示,AST升高(HR=1.001,95%CI=1.000~1.002,P=0.007)、Gensini评分升高(HR=1.014,95%CI=1.006~1.022,P<0.001)、LAR升高(HR=1.067,95%CI=1.045~1.090,P<0.001)为患者发生MACEs的危险因素。ROC曲线结果显示LAR预测急性STEMI患者行PCI术后发生MACEs的AUC为0.804(95%CI=0.747~0.861,P=0.001),最佳截断值为22.58。将研究人群以ROC曲线计算所取得的最佳截断值为界,分为高LAR组和低LAR组,绘制的Kaplan-Meier生存曲线结果显示,低LAR组累积生存率高于高LAR组(P=0.01)。 结论 LAR水平与急性STEMI行PCI术后患者发生MACEs具有相关性,LAR值越高,其发生MACEs的风险越高,具有一定的预测价值,值得临床推广应用。

关键词: ST段抬高型心肌梗死, 经皮冠状动脉介入治疗, 乳酸脱氢酶/白蛋白比值, 主要不良心血管事件, 预后

Abstract:

Background

Some patients with acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) still experience major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs) despite undergoing emergency percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) and receiving standard secondary preventive medications. The lactate dehydrogenase-to-albumin ratio (LAR), as a prognostic marker, has shown good performance in predicting the prognosis of patients with cancer and sepsis. However, studies related to STEMI are scarce, and its predictive value for MACEs in patients with acute STEMI after PCI remains to be investigated.

Objective

To explore the correlation between LAR and the prognosis of patients with STEMI undergoing emergency PCI.

Methods

A retrospective study was conducted on 370 patients diagnosed with STEMI and undergoing emergency PCI at Subei People's Hospital from January 2021 to June 2023. Baseline data and the first fasting biochemical test results at admission were collected. The enrolled patients were followed up for one year through phone calls, outpatient visits, questionnaires, and re-admissions, with the occurrence of MACEs as the endpoint. After follow-up, patients were divided into the MACEs group (n=76) and the non-MACEs group (n=294) based on the occurrence of MACEs. Univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to analyze the factors influencing the occurrence of MACEs. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were plotted to evaluate the value of LAR in predicting MACEs, and the area under the ROC curve (AUC) was calculated. Kaplan-Meier survival curves were plotted to compare the differences in cumulative survival rates during follow-up between groups, with the Log-rank test used for intergroup comparisons.

Results

Comparisons of baseline data between the MACEs and non-MACEs groups showed that the MACEs group had higher levels of hemoglobin, neutrophil count, low-density lipoprotein, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), LAR, and Gensini score, as well as a lower left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) than the non-MACEs group (P<0.05). Multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression analysis revealed that increased AST (HR=1.001, 95%CI=1.000-1.002, P=0.007), increased Gensini score (HR=1.014, 95%CI=1.006-1.022, P<0.001), and increased LAR (HR=1.067, 95%CI=1.045-1.090, P<0.001) were risk factors for MACEs. The ROC curve analysis showed that the AUC for LAR in predicting MACEs after PCI in patients with acute STEMI was 0.804 (95%CI=0.747-0.861, P=0.001), with an optimal cut-off value of 22.58. The study population was divided into high and low LAR groups based on the optimal cut-off value calculated from the ROC curve. Kaplan-Meier survival curves were plotted, showing that the cumulative survival rate was higher in the low LAR group than in the high LAR group (P=0.01) .

Conclusion

There is a significant correlation between LAR levels and the occurrence of MACEs in patients with acute STEMI after PCI. Higher LAR values are associated with a higher risk of MACEs, indicating its predictive value and warranting clinical application.

Key words: ST elevation myocardial infarction, Percutaneous coronary intervention, Lactate dehydrogenase-to-albumin ratio, Major adverse cardiovascular events, Prognosis