中国全科医学 ›› 2025, Vol. 28 ›› Issue (15): 1847-1854.DOI: 10.12114/j.issn.1007-9572.2024.0432

所属专题: 内分泌代谢性疾病最新文章合辑

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不同肝纤维化风险的2型糖尿病患者临床特征及心血管疾病风险研究

聂媛媛1, 方达2, 徐浩1, 杨东辉2, 毕艳2, 顾天伟1,*()   

  1. 1.210008 江苏省南京市,南京中医药大学鼓楼临床医学院 南京鼓楼医院内分泌科
    2.210008 江苏省南京市,南京大学医学院附属鼓楼医院内分泌科
  • 收稿日期:2024-09-25 修回日期:2024-11-27 出版日期:2025-05-20 发布日期:2025-03-21
  • 通讯作者: 顾天伟

  • 作者贡献:

    聂媛媛负责临床数据收集、整理、分析,并撰写论文初稿;方达负责绘制图表并协助统计分析;徐浩协助参与论文内容及格式修改;杨东辉负责FibroTouch检查的检测;毕艳完善论文的审校;顾天伟提出研究思路,设计研究方案,完善论文最终内容及审校,并对论文负责。

  • 基金资助:
    南京市卫生科技发展专项资金项目重点项目(ZKX2202)

Clinical Characteristics and Cardiovascular Disease Risk of Type 2 Diabetes Populations with Different Liver Fibrosis Risks

NIE Yuanyuan1, FANG Da2, XU Hao1, YANG Donghui2, BI Yan2, GU Tianwei1,*()   

  1. 1. Department of Endocrinology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine/Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing 210008, China
    2. Department of Endocrinology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, the Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210008, China
  • Received:2024-09-25 Revised:2024-11-27 Published:2025-05-20 Online:2025-03-21
  • Contact: GU Tianwei

摘要: 背景 2型糖尿病(T2DM)和代谢相关脂肪性肝病(MAFLD)之间相互影响,两者并存会进一步增加心血管疾病(CVD)及肝纤维化等不良结局风险。因此有必要对T2DM患者,特别是伴有多种心脏代谢风险的患者,进行MAFLD筛查和肝纤维化风险分层。 目的 探讨不同肝纤维化风险的T2DM患者的临床特征及CVD风险。 方法 回顾性纳入2020年7月—2023年6月在南京鼓楼医院内分泌科住院的T2DM患者1 425例为研究对象,患者均接受肝脏瞬时弹性扫描仪检查。参考2023年美国糖尿病协会(ADA)《糖尿病诊疗标准》建议,根据肝纤维化4指数(FIB4)与肝脏硬度值(LSM)将患者分为3组:肝纤维化低风险组(1 235例)、肝纤维化中风险组(110例)和肝纤维化高风险组(80例)。比较各组之间临床特征,利用Framingham风险评分(FRS)评估10年心血管疾病发生风险。进一步将不同肝纤维化风险患者根据CVD风险分层进一步分为4组:心肝低危组(214例)、心高肝低危组(1 021例)、心肝高危组(178例)和心低肝高危组(12例),比较前3组T2DM患者的临床特征。 结果 纳入1 425例T2DM患者中有5.6%属于肝纤维化高风险患者。肝纤维化高风险组患者年龄、丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)、直胆红素(DBIL)、糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)、脂肪衰减参数(UAP)、LSM、FIB4、肌肉质量减少、糖尿病周围神经病变、降脂治疗高于肝纤维化低风险组,血小板计数(PLT)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、总胆固醇(TC)、骨骼肌质量指数(SMI)低于肝纤维化低风险组,天冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)、糖尿病视网膜病变高于肝纤维化低风险组和肝纤维化中风险组(P<0.05)。分层分析结果显示,年龄>60岁、HbA1c>9%、肝酶异常以及合并肌肉质量减少的T2DM患者肝纤维化风险更高(P<0.05)。不同肝纤维化风险患者CVD风险发生率比较结果显示,随着肝纤维化风险的增加,CVD高风险的发生率逐渐增加(χ2趋势=35.900,P<0.001)。心肝高危组患者的年龄、AST、DBIL、UAP、LSM、FIB4、FRS、糖尿病周围神经病变、降脂治疗高于心肝低危组和心高肝低危组,PLT低于心肝低危组和心高肝低危组(P<0.05)。 结论 T2DM患者是发生肝纤维化及CVD的高风险人群,其中高龄、血糖控制不佳、合并多种糖尿病并发症、肝酶异常、肝脏脂质沉积增加或肌肉质量减少会增加CVD和肝纤维化风险,应加强对这部分患者的早期监测与预防管理。

关键词: 2型糖尿病, 肝纤维化, 心血管疾病, 代谢相关脂肪性肝病, 心血管风险

Abstract:

Background

Type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and metabolism-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) interact with each other, and the coexistence of the two further increases the risk of adverse outcomes such as cardiovascular disease (CVD) and liver fibrosis. Therefore there is a need for MAFLD screening and liver fibrosis risk stratification in patients with T2DM, especially those with multiple cardio-metabolic risks.

Objective

To investigate the clinical metabolic characteristics of T2DM patients with different risk of liver fibrosis and CVD risks.

Methods

A total of 1 425 T2DM patients admitted to our department from July 2020 to June 2023 were included in the study. All patients underwent liver transient elastography (FibroTouch) examination. According to the 2023 American Diabetes Association (ADA) Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes, the population is classified based on the FIB-4 index and liver stiffness measurement (LSM) into three groups: low-risk group (n=1 235), intermediate-risk group (n=110), and high-risk group (n=80). The clinical characteristics among the groups were compared, and the Framingham Risk Score (FRS) was utilized to assess the 10-year risk of CVD. Furthermore, the different populations at varying risks of liver fibrosis were stratified based on CVD risk into three groups: Low-CVD Low hepatic risk Group (n=214), High-CVD Low hepatic risk Group (n=1 021), High-CVD High hepatic risk Group (n=178), Low-CVD High hepatic risk Group (n=12). The clinical characteristics of T2DM patients were compared in the first 3 groups.

Results

The results showed that inclusion 5.6% of the 1, 425 patients with T2DM were at high risk of liver fibrosis.Age, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), direct bilirubin (DBIL), glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), fat attenuation parameter (UAP), LSM, FIB4, muscle mass loss, diabetic peripheral neuropathy, lipid-lowering therapy were higher in patients in the high-risk group than in the low-risk group of hepatic fibrosis, and platelets (PLT), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), total cholesterol (TC), and skeletal muscle mass index (SMI) were lower than those in the low-risk group for liver fibrosis, and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and diabetic retinopathy were higher than those in the low-risk group for liver fibrosis and the intermediate-risk group for liver fibrosis (P<0.05). Stratified analysis showed that T2DM patients with age>60 years, HbA1c>9%, abnormal liver enzymes, and combined muscle mass loss were at higher risk of liver fibrosis (P<0.05). Comparison of the incidence of CVD risk in patients with different risks of liver fibrosis showed a progressive increase in the incidence of high CVD risk as the risk of liver fibrosis increased (χ2trend=35.900, P<0.001). Age, AST, DBIL, UAP, LSM, FIB4, FRS, diabetic peripheral neuropathy, and lipid-lowering therapy were higher and PLT was lower in patients in the High-CVD High hepatic risk Group than in the the Low-CVD Low hepatic risk Group and the High-CVD Low hepatic risk Group (P<0.05) .

Conclusion

Patients with T2DM are at high risk of developing liver fibrosis and CVD, in which advanced age, poor glycemic control, combination of multiple diabetic complications, liver enzyme abnormalities, increased hepatic lipid deposition, or decreased muscle mass increase the risk of CVD and hepatic fibrosis, and early monitoring and preventive management should be strengthened in this group of patients.

Key words: Diabetes mellitus, type 2, Hepatic fibrosis, Cardiovascular diseases, Metabolic associated fatty liver disease, Cardiovascular risk

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