中国全科医学 ›› 2024, Vol. 27 ›› Issue (31): 3911-3918.DOI: 10.12114/i.issn.1007-9572.2024.0089

• 论著 • 上一篇    下一篇

我国省间基层医疗卫生机构医护资源分布特征研究

邱林萍1,2, 宋国强1,2,*(), 刘梦1,2, 姜城蕾1,2, 孙先红1,2   

  1. 1.230032 安徽省合肥市,安徽医科大学卫生管理学院
    2.230032 安徽省合肥市,安徽医科大学医院管理研究所
  • 收稿日期:2023-12-10 修回日期:2024-05-23 出版日期:2024-11-05 发布日期:2024-08-16
  • 通讯作者: 宋国强

  • 作者贡献:

    邱林萍负责提出选题、分析数据及撰写文章;刘梦、姜城蕾、孙先红负责数据收集;宋国强负责论文指导与修改,对文章整体负责。

  • 基金资助:
    安徽医科大学医院管理研究所"国医科技"开放项目(2023gykj10); 医疗健康数据建模分析及医疗健康大数据案例的研究(K2022072)

The Characteristics of the Distribution of Healthcare Resources in Primary Healthcare Institutions between Provinces in China

QIU Linping1,2, SONG Guoqiang1,2,*(), LIU Meng1,2, JIANG Chenglei1,2, SUN Xianhong1,2   

  1. 1. School of Health Management, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
    2. Hospital Management Institute, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
  • Received:2023-12-10 Revised:2024-05-23 Published:2024-11-05 Online:2024-08-16
  • Contact: SONG Guoqiang

摘要: 背景 医护人员是基层医疗重要的服务提供者,在保障民众健康、疾病预防、慢性病管理等方面发挥着重要作用。目前医护资源的研究主要集中在数量、结构等方面,少有针对医护资源的空间分布特征研究。 目的 分析全国基层医疗卫生机构医护人力资源空间发展趋势,为优化医护资源空间配置、提升基层医疗服务水平提供参考。 方法 本研究数据来源于2013—2017年《中国卫生和计划生育统计年鉴》、2018—2022年《中国卫生健康统计年鉴》及国家统计局各省年度数据和中华人民共和国民政部统计数据。于2023年2—6月,采用卫生密度指数(HRDI)综合反映2012—2021年我国基层医护人员的人口与地理分布,运用空间自相关分析,计算全局Moran's I指数对2012—2021年我国基层医护资源的空间分布特征进行分析,计算局部Getis's G指数对2012—2021年我国基层医护资源配置热点进行分析。 结果 我国各区域基层每千人口执业(助理)医师数和护士数量均有增加,医护比仍较低。执业(助理)医师数和护士的HRDI高值均在东部地区,而西部地区的HRDI值较低。执业(助理)医师数全局Moran's I指数在2016年由负值转为正值。护士Moran's I指数始终处于负值,但整体趋势逐渐接近于0。新疆维吾尔自治区、西藏自治区等西部地区HRDI低且为资源分布冷点。 结论 基层医疗卫生机构医护资源配置逐年增加,但各省份间配置差异明显。医师之间的空间相关性逐渐增强,护士在空间分布上更加分散。建议加强基层医师和护士队伍储备,提高医护的配比和协作;医护资源规划应兼顾人口与地理配置,推广互联网医疗改善医疗服务可及性;加大中西部资源投入,推进医联体建设,提升基层服务能力。

关键词: 卫生资源, 基层医疗卫生机构, 医护资源, 卫生密度指数, 空间自相关

Abstract:

Background

Health care workers are vital service providers in primary healthcare, playing a crucial role in safeguarding public health, disease prevention, and chronic disease management. At present, research on healthcare resources mainly focuses on the quantity and structure, and there are few studies on the spatial distribution characteristics of healthcare resources.

Objectives

To analyze the spatial development trend of healthcare human resources in primary healthcare institutions nationwide, and to provide reference for optimizing the spatial allocation of healthcare resources and upgrading the level of primary healthcare services.

Methods

The data for this study were obtained during 2013-2017 China Health and Family Planning Statistical Yearbook, the 2018-2022 China Health and Wellness Statistical Yearbook, and the annual data of the National Bureau of Statistics (NBS) by province and the Ministry of Civil Affairs of China. From February to June 2023, the health density index (HRDI) was used to comprehensively reflect the demographic and geographic distribution of primary health care in China from 2012 to 2021, spatial autocorrelation analysis was applied to calculate the global Moran's I index to characterize the spatial distribution of primary health care resources in China from 2012 to 2021 analysis, and calculate the local Getis's G index to analyze the hotspots of primary care resource allocation in China from 2012 to 2021.

Results

The number of practicing physicians and nurses per 1 000 population at the grassroots level has increased in all regions of China, and the ratio of healthcare to nursing is still low. The high HRDI values for the number of practicing (assistant) physicians and nurses were in the eastern region, while the western region had lower HRDI values. The global Moran's I index for the number of practicing (assistant) physicians turned from negative to positive in 2016. The Moran's I index for nurses was always negative, but the overall trend was gradually approaching 0. Western regions such as Xinjiang and Xizang have low health density indices and are cold spots for resource distribution.

Conclusion

The allocation of medical and nursing resources to primary health care organizations has been increasing year by year, but there are obvious differences in allocation between provinces. The spatial correlation between physicians has gradually increased, and nurses have become more dispersed in their spatial distribution. It is recommended that the reserve of primary care physicians and nurses be strengthened, and that the ratio and collaboration between physicians and nurses be improved; that the planning of health care resources take into account both demographic and geographic configurations, and that Internet-based health care be promoted to improve the accessibility of health care services; and that the investment of resources in central and western China be increased, and that the construction of health care organizations be pushed forward in order to enhance the capacity of grass-roots-level services.

Key words: Health resources, Primary health institution, Healthcare resources, Health density index, Spatial autocorrelation