中国全科医学 ›› 2025, Vol. 28 ›› Issue (01): 65-70.DOI: 10.12114/j.issn.1007-9572.2023.0713

• 论著 • 上一篇    

中国共病加权指数与老年人卫生服务利用的关联性研究

李丽萍1,2, 廖婧1, 高鑫源1, 王力1, 赖颖斯1,*()   

  1. 1.510000 广东省广州市,中山大学公共卫生学院
    2.526000 广东省肇庆市疾病预防控制中心传染病预防控制科
  • 收稿日期:2024-03-11 修回日期:2024-05-28 出版日期:2025-01-05 发布日期:2024-10-30
  • 通讯作者: 赖颖斯

  • 作者贡献:

    李丽萍负责数据收集、数据整理、文章撰写;赖颖斯提出研究理念,进行思路指导,对文章进行指导、修改和审查,并对文章整体负责;廖婧进行统计学分析、协助文章编辑与修改;高鑫源辅助文章撰写、编辑与修改;王力辅助数据整理分析。

  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金资助项目(82073665,72061137003)

Association between the Chinese Multimorbidity-weighted Index and Health Service Utilization among the Elderly in China

LI Liping1,2, LIAO Jing1, GAO Xinyuan1, WANG Li1, LAI Yingsi1,*()   

  1. 1. School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510000, China
    2. Department of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Zhaoqing City Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zhaoqing 526000, China
  • Received:2024-03-11 Revised:2024-05-28 Published:2025-01-05 Online:2024-10-30
  • Contact: LAI Yingsi

摘要: 背景 慢性病共病给老年人卫生服务带来挑战,探索老年人慢性病共病负担对卫生服务利用的影响具有重要意义。中国共病加权指数(CMWI)是衡量我国中老年人群共病负担的指标,目前尚缺乏CMWI与卫生服务利用关联性的队列研究。 目的 探索老年人慢性病共病负担与卫生服务利用的关联,为改善老年人慢性病共病干预与管理提供科学依据。 方法 于2021年12月—2024年1月,以广东省肇庆市四会市为例,收集该市全民健康信息平台中2017—2021年的居民电子健康档案信息,建立老年人健康体检自然人群队列。以该时间段内首次体检时间为基线,使用CMWI衡量老年人基线的慢性病共病负担,采用负二项回归分析个体基线的CMWI分别与其在随访时间内利用的总门诊次数、慢性病相关门诊次数、总住院次数以及慢性病相关住院次数的关联性。 结果 39 989例老年人中,14 991例(55.18%)患有慢性病共病,CMWI值为1.3(0,2.3);在平均1 268 d随访时间内,26 141例(65.37%)利用过门诊服务,总门诊次数为2(0,6)次,慢性病相关门诊次数为1(0,4)次;7 332例(18.34%)利用过住院服务,总住院次数为0(0,0)次,慢性病相关住院次数为0(0,0)次。不同年龄、性别、文化程度及CMWI的老年人卫生服务利用比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);不同居住类型的老年人门诊服务利用比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),不同居住类型的老年人住院服务利用比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。在调整年龄、性别、居住地、文化程度后,负二项回归分析结果显示,CMWI是老年人卫生服务利用次数增加的危险因素(IRR>1),CMWI每增加1个单位,总门诊次数增加1.210次(95%CI=1.196~1.224次),慢性病相关门诊次数增加1.276次(95%CI=1.259~1.292次),总住院次数增加1.277次(95%CI=1.244~1.312次),慢性病相关住院次数增加1.286次(95%CI=1.252~1.321次)。 结论 CMWI是老年人卫生服务利用次数增加的危险因素,老年人卫生服务利用次数随CMWI值增大而增加,应重视老年人的慢性病共病负担,为改进我国老年人慢性病共病干预与管理提供科学依据。

关键词: 慢性病共病, 老年人, 卫生服务利用, 负二项回归, 中国共病加权指数

Abstract:

Background

Multimorbidity pose challenges to older adults' health services. It is of great importance to explore its impact on health services utilization in the elderly. The Chinese Multimorbidity-Weighted Index (CMWI) has been developed to measure the burden of multimorbidity in Chinese middle-aged and elderly, but there is a lack of cohort studies on the association between CMWI and health service utilization.

Objective

To explore the association between burden of multimorbidity and utilization of health among older adults, which provides scientific evidence for improving the intervention and management of older adults' patients with multimorbidity.

Methods

From December 2021 to January 2024, taking Sihui City of Zhaoqing City, Guangdong Province as an example, the electronic health records of residents from 2017 to 2021 were collected from the city's national health information platform to establish a natural population cohort for health examination of the elderly. We used the time of the first health examination in this period as the baseline, the CMWI was used to measure individual's baseline burden of multimorbidity .We use the negative binomial regression to analyze the association between individual's CMWI respectively and the total number of outpatient visits, chronic disease-related outpatient visits, total number of hospitalizations and chronic disease-related hospitalizations during the follow-up period.

Results

Among the total 39 989 participants, there were 14 991 (55.18%) cases of multimorbidity, and the CMWI was 1.3 (0, 2.3). During an average 1 268 days follow-up period, 26 141 people (65.37%) had used outpatient services, the number of total outpatient visits and chronic disease-related outpatient visits was 2 (0, 6) and1 (0, 4). In our study 7 332 (18.34%) had used hospitalization services, the number of total hospitalization and chronic disease-related hospitalization was 0 (0, 0) and 0 (0, 0). Age, genders, education levels and CMWI varied significantly by the utilization of health (P<0.05). The residential type varied significantly by the utilization of outpatient services (P<0.05) but no by utilization of inpatient services (P>0.05). After adjusting the covariates of age, gender, residence and education levels, negative binomial regression analysis showed that CMWI was a risk factor on the increase of health service utilization in the elderly (IRR>1). For each unit increase in CMWI, the total number of outpatient visits increased by 1.210 (95%CI=1.196-1.224), the number of chronic disease-related outpatient visits increased by 1.276 (95%CI=1.259-1.292), the total number of hospitalizations increased by 1.277 (95%CI=1.244-1.312), and the number of chronic disease-related hospitalizations increased by 1.286 (95%CI=1.252-1.321) .

Conclusion

CMWI is a risk factor for the increase of health service utilization in the elderly, and the number of health service utilization in the elderly increases with the increase of CMWI. More attention should be paid to the burden of multi-chronic diseases in the elderly, so as to provide scientific basis for improving the intervention and management of multi-chronic diseases in the elderly in China.

Key words: Multimorbidity, Aged, Health services, Negative binomial regression, Chinese multimorbidity-weighted index

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