中国全科医学 ›› 2024, Vol. 27 ›› Issue (15): 1811-1816.DOI: 10.12114/j.issn.1007-9572.2023.0771

• 论著 • 上一篇    下一篇

血清25羟维生素D3水平与糖尿病足创面愈合相关性的巢式病例对照研究

武云凤1, 骆燕洪1, 蒋平南1, 吴旻1,2, 杨嘉1,2, 阳琰1,2, 陈霞3, 蔡玉兰1,2,3,*()   

  1. 1.563006 贵州省遵义市,遵义医科大学第二附属医院内分泌科
    2.563099 贵州省遵义市,遵义医科大学附属医院内分泌与代谢病科
    3.550002 贵州省遵义市,贵州茅台医院内分泌科
  • 收稿日期:2023-09-25 修回日期:2024-01-08 出版日期:2024-05-20 发布日期:2024-02-28
  • 通讯作者: 蔡玉兰

  • 作者贡献:武云凤、骆燕洪、蒋平南、陈霞负责病例资料及数据收集;蒋平南、吴旻、杨嘉负责数据整理及统计分析;武云凤、骆燕洪负责文章初稿撰写;阳琰负责文章质量控制;蔡玉兰对本研究进行规划和执行监督。所有作者确认了论文的最终稿。
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金资助项目(82260167,82060159); 贵州省科技计划项目(黔科合基础-ZK〔2022〕一般639); 遵义市科技计划项目(遵市科合HZ字〔2022〕279号); 遵义医科大学附属医院博士科研启动资金(院字(2021)6号); 遵义市联合基金项目(遵市科合HZ字(2022)332号)

The Correlation between Serum 25 (OH) D3 Levels and Diabetic Foot Wound Healing: a Nested Case-control Study

WU Yunfeng1, LUO Yanhong1, JIANG Pingnan1, WU Min1,2, YANG Jia1,2, YANG Yan1,2, CHEN Xia3, CAI Yulan1,2,3,*()   

  1. 1. Department of Endocrinology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563006, China
    2. Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563099, China
    3. Department of Endocrinology, Kweichow Moutai Hospital, Zunyi 550002, China
  • Received:2023-09-25 Revised:2024-01-08 Published:2024-05-20 Online:2024-02-28
  • Contact: CAI Yulan

摘要: 背景 糖尿病足(DF)是糖尿病患者严重的慢性并发症之一。我国糖尿病患者DF发病率高达15%,预后不佳,年截肢率高达22%,年死亡率高达11%,医疗费用高,极大地降低了患者的生活质量和预期寿命。维生素D在DF创面愈合中可能发挥积极作用,但目前尚缺乏足够的临床研究来证实这一效应。 目的 探索血清25羟维生素(OH)D3[25(OH)D3]与DF创面愈合的相关性。 方法 采用巢式病例对照研究方法,选择2020—2021年在遵义医科大学附属医院住院治疗的Wagner分级2~4级的DF患者为研究对象。患者出院后随访3个月,将DF创面仍未愈合者55例作为病例组。根据病例组患者的年龄、性别和Wagner分级进行1∶2匹配,获得DF创面在出院后3个月内愈合者110例作为对照组。患者在入院后,补充维生素D治疗前,抽取静脉血2 mL,用于检测血清25(OH)D3水平。收集患者详细基线资料、生化及影像学指标:基本资料包括一般人口学特征(年龄、性别、居住地、受教育程度)、BMI、糖尿病病程及家族史、住院时间、生活习惯(饮酒、吸烟情况)、高血压病史及Wagner分级;生化指标包括25(OH)D3、糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)、红细胞沉降率(ESR)、C反应蛋白(CRP);行核磁共振检查确定患者是否合并骨髓炎。采用Logistic回归分析探讨不同25(OH)D3水平与DF创面愈合的关系。 结果 病例组患者的糖尿病病程较对照组长(P<0.001),有糖尿病家族史比例低于对照组(P=0.046),血清25(OH)D3水平低于对照组(P<0.001);病例组和对照组患者吸烟情况比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.001)。两组患者的年龄、性别、居住地、BMI、住院时间、受教育程度、饮酒情况、有高血压病史比例、Wagner分级、骨髓炎发生率、HbA1c、ESR、CRP比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。在校正了年龄、性别、居住地、受教育程度、BMI、饮酒情况、吸烟情况、高血压病史、糖尿病家族史、糖尿病病程、住院时间、Wagner分级、骨髓炎、HbA1c、ESR及CRP后,血清25(OH)D3水平为20~<30 ng/mL、10~<20 ng/mL及<10 ng/mL的患者,其DF创面未愈合的风险分别是血清25(OH)D3水平≥30 ng/mL患者的1.30倍(95%CI=1.12~1.63)、2.01倍(95%CI=1.55~2.80)及2.29倍(95%CI=1.66~3.92)。 结论 血清25(OH)D3水平<30 ng/mL是DF创面未愈合的独立危险因素。

关键词: 25羟维生素D3, 糖尿病足, 伤口愈合, 配对病例对照研究

Abstract:

Background

Diabetic foot (DF) is one of the most serious chronic complications in patients with diabetes. There is an incidence of DF of 15% in China, with a poor prognosis, an amputation rate of 22%, and a mortality rate of 11%, which greatly reduces the quality of life and life expectancy of patients with DF. DF wound healing may benefit from vitamin D, however, sufficient clinical studies are lacking to confirm this claim.

Objective

To explore the correlation between serum 25 (OH) D3 and DF wound healing.

Methods

A nested case-control study method was used to select DF patients with Wagner grading 2-4 who were hospitalized in the Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University from 2020 to 2021. The patients were discharged from the hospital and followed up for 3 months, and 55 patients whose DF wounds still had not healed were selected as the case group. As the control group, 110 patients whose DF wounds healed within 3 months of discharge were matched 1∶2 according to their age, gender, and Wagner grade with the patients in the case group. In the early stages of treatment, 2 mL of venous blood was obtained and serum 25 (OH) D3 levels were determined before vitamin D supplementation. Detailed basic data, biochemical and imaging indices of the patients were collected, including general demographics (age, gender, place of residence, education), BMI, diabetes duration and family history, hospitalization duration, lifestyle habits (alcohol consumption, smoking status), history of hypertension and Wagner classification. The biochemical parameters included 25 (OH) D3, glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), and C-reactive protein (CRP). An MRI was performed to determine if the patient had osteomyelitis. Logistic regression was used to analyze the relationship between different 25 (OH) D3 levels and DF wound healing.

Results

The duration of diabetes in the case group was longer than that in the control group (P<0.001), the proportion of patients with a family history of diabetes was less than that in the control group (P=0.046), and the serum 25 (OH) D3 levels was lower than that in the control group (P<0.001) ; There was a statistically significant difference in the comparison of smoking status between the patients in the case group and the control group (P<0.001). Comparison of age, gender, residence, BMI, length of hospital stay, education level, alcohol consumption, proportion of patients with a history of hypertension, Wagner grade, incidence of osteomyelitis, HbA1c, ESR, and CRP between the two groups showed no statistically significant difference (P>0.05). Once age, gender, place of residence, education, BMI, alcohol consumption, smoking, history of hypertension, family history of diabetes mellitus, diabetes duration, length of hospitalization, Wagner grade, osteomyelitis, HbA1c, ESR, and CRP have corrected for, patients with serum 25 (OH) D3 levels of 20 to <30 ng/mL, 10 to <20 ng/mL, and <10 ng/ mL, the risk of diabetic foot wound non-healing was 1.30 times (95%CI=1.12 to 1.63), 2.01 times (95%CI=1.55 to 2.80) and 2.29 times (95%CI=1.66 to 3.92) higher than that of patients with serum 25 (OH) D3 levels≥30 ng/mL, respectively.

Conclusion

Serum 25 (OH) D3 levels <30 ng/mL is an independent risk factor for DF wound nonhealing.

Key words: 25-dihydroxyvitamin D3, Diabetic foot, Wound healing, Paired case-control study