中国全科医学 ›› 2025, Vol. 28 ›› Issue (03): 320-329.DOI: 10.12114/j.issn.1007-9572.2023.0582

• 论著·肥胖防控专题研究 • 上一篇    下一篇

中国医疗卫生人员超重/肥胖危险因素研究

郭馨月1, 巩少青2, 侯晓辉3, 孙桐4, 文建强5, 王志耀6, 何景阳7, 孙雪竹8,9, 王素芳1, 田向阳1,3,*(), 冯雪8,9,*()   

  1. 1.230031 安徽省合肥市,安徽医科大学公共卫生学院营养与食品卫生系
    2.462002 河南省漯河市,漯河医学高等专科学校
    3.100011 北京市,中国健康教育中心
    4.250013 山东省济南市,山东省疾病预防控制中心
    5.741020 甘肃省兰州市,甘肃省中医药发展中心
    6.830000 新疆维吾尔自治区乌鲁木齐市,新疆维吾尔自治区卫生健康宣传教育中心
    7.450003 河南省郑州市,河南省疾病预防控制中心健康教育所
    8.100037 北京市,中国医学科学院阜外医院心脏康复中心
    9.100037 北京市,国家心血管病中心健康生活方式医学中心
  • 收稿日期:2024-02-10 修回日期:2024-08-16 出版日期:2025-01-20 发布日期:2024-10-28
  • 通讯作者: 田向阳, 冯雪
  • 郭馨月和巩少青为共同第一作者


    作者贡献:

    郭馨月、巩少青提出主要研究目标,负责研究的构思与设计,研究的实施,撰写论文;郭馨月、巩少青、侯晓辉、孙桐、文建强、王志耀、何景阳、孙雪竹、王素芳进行数据的收集与整理,统计学处理,图、表的绘制与展示;田向阳、冯雪进行论文的修订;田向阳、冯雪负责文章的质量控制与审查,对文章整体负责,监督管理。

Predictors for Overweight/Obesity of Chinese Healthcare Workers

GUO Xinyue1, GONG Shaoqing2, HOU Xiaohui3, SUN Tong4, WEN Jianqiang5, WANG Zhiyao6, HE Jingyang7, SUN Xuezhu8,9, WANG Sufang1, TIAN Xiangyang1,3,*(), FENG Xue8,9,*()   

  1. 1. Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230031, China
    2. Luohe Medical College, Luohe 462002, China
    3. Chinese Center for Health Education, Beijing 100011, China
    4. Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan 250013, China
    5. Gansu Province Traditional Chinese Medicine Development Center, Lanzhou 741020, China
    6. Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Health Promotion and Education Center, Urumqi 830000, China
    7. Health Education Institute of Henan Center for Disease Control, Zhengzhou 450003, China
    8. Cardiac Rehabilitation Center, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100037, China
    9. Center for Healthy Lifestyle Medicine, National Cardiovascular Center, Beijing 100037, China
  • Received:2024-02-10 Revised:2024-08-16 Published:2025-01-20 Online:2024-10-28
  • Contact: TIAN Xiangyang, FENG Xue
  • About author:

    GUO Xinyue and GONG Shaoqing are co-first authors

摘要: 背景 医疗卫生人员在预防和控制COVID-19大流行方面发挥了关键作用。高感染风险和密集的工作不仅导致医疗卫生人员职业倦怠,并且严重影响了他们的心理健康和生活方式,大量国外研究表明,新型冠状病毒感染疫情导致医疗卫生人员出现膳食不合理、运动减少、睡眠障碍等情况,增加了超重和肥胖的风险。截至目前,有关新型冠状病毒感染疫情对中国医疗卫生人员体重及生活方式变化影响的研究较少,影响体重变化的主要生活方式因素尚不清楚。 目的 通过构建贝叶斯网络模型,分析新型冠状病毒感染疫情对中国医疗卫生人员超重/肥胖的影响及其危险因素,为重大传染病疫情期间预防和控制超重/肥胖提供科学依据。 方法 于2022年8月,随机抽取5个省/自治区/直辖市的100家医疗卫生机构中的医疗卫生人员,采用课题组自行编写的调查问卷[Cronbach's α=0.820,公因子累积方差贡献率(AVCR)=63.55%],调查对象通过扫描"问卷星"平台生成的电子问卷二维码,填写并提交问卷。使用SPSS 25.0软件进行描述性统计分析,使用R 4.3.0软件的"bnlearn"包构建贝叶斯网络模型,并使用Netica 6.09软件进行贝叶斯网络模型概率预测。 结果 本研究共调查医疗卫生人员20 261名,其中女性占67.57%(13 690/20 261);平均年龄(40.2±9.2)岁;文化程度为大专或本科的占73.28%(14 848/20 261)。2019、2022年超重/肥胖率分别为43.06%(8 726/20 261)和45.71%(9 262/20 261)。2019—2022年,12.64%(1 458/11 535)的调查对象BMI由消瘦/正常变为超重/肥胖。贝叶斯网络模型共纳入15个节点,其中,吃蔬菜水果、吃早餐频次、饮酒、饭量为调查对象BMI由消瘦/正常变为超重/肥胖的父节点,当吃蔬菜水果"有所减少"、吃早餐频次"无变化"、饮酒"无变化"且饭量"增加很多"时,BMI由消瘦/正常变为超重/肥胖的风险最高,为75.00%。当吃蔬菜水果为"增加很多"、吃早餐频次为"有所增加"、饮酒为"从不或很少"且饭量为"有所减少"时,BMI由消瘦/正常变为超重/肥胖的风险最低,为2.04%。贝叶斯网络概率预测模型发现,当调查对象熬夜及持续性压力/焦虑/抑郁情绪"有所增加"、睡眠时间及吃蔬菜水果"有所减少"、吃早餐频次"减少很多"、饮酒"无变化"且饭量"有所增加"时,BMI由消瘦/正常变为超重/肥胖的风险为26.70%,如果该研究对象吃早餐频次"增加很多"时,则BMI由消瘦/正常变为超重/肥胖的发生风险降低为14.30%。 结论 吃蔬菜水果、吃早餐频次、饮酒以及饭量是医疗卫生人员超重/肥胖的直接预测因素,新冠疫情等重大传染病疫情期间,在确保医疗卫生机构正常运转的前提下,实行合理的轮休制度,提供心理支持和生活方式行为干预服务,有利于医疗卫生人员肥胖防控。

关键词: 超重, 肥胖, 医疗卫生人员, 生活方式, 贝叶斯网络

Abstract:

Background

Healthcare workers have played a crucial role in preventing and controlling the COVID-19 pandemic. However, the heightened risk of infection and intense work schedules have not only induced occupational burnout among them but also significantly impacted their mental health and lifestyles. A large number of foreign studies have shown that the COVID-19 pandemic has led to unreasonable diet, reduced exercise, irregular work and rest, and decreased sleep quality among HCWs, increasing the risk of overweight and obesity. Despite this, research on weight and lifestyle changes among Chinese healthcare workers during the pandemic is limited, and the key lifestyle factors contributing to these weight changes remain unclear.

Objective

To analyze the predictors of overweight and obesity in Chinese healthcare workers by constructing a Bayesian network model, and to provide a scientific basis for the prevention and control of overweight and obesity.

Methods

In August 2022, Chinese healthcare workers in 100 medical institutions from five provinces/autonomous regions/municipalities were randomly sampled, and the questionnaire (Cronbach's α=0.820, AVCR=63.55%) was prepared by the researchers to collect data. All respondents were required to scan QR code generated by the "Wenjuanxing" to answer the e-questionnaire and submit. The "bnlearn" package of R 4.3.0 software was used to construct a Bayesian network model, and Netica 6.09 software was used for Bayesian network risk prediction.

Results

The study surveyed a total of 20 261 healthcare workers, of whom females accounted for 67.57% (13 690/20 261) ; The average age was (40.2±9.2) years old; 73.28% (14 848/20 261) had a college or undergraduate education level. In 2019 and 2022, the overweight/obesity rates were 43.06% (8 726/20 261) and 45.71% (9 262/20 261), respectively. From 2019 to 2022, 12.64% (1 458/11 535) of survey respondents' BMI changed from underweight/normal to overweight/obese. The Bayesian network model included a total of 15 nodes, and the amount of consumption of vegetables and fruits, breakfast frequency, alcohol drinking, and appetite were the parent nodes of BMI changing from underweight/normal to overweight/obesity, and when there were "a reduction" in the consumption of vegetables and fruits, "no change" in frequency of eating breakfast, alcohol drinking consumption "no change", and "a great increase" in the appetite the risk of BMI changing from underweight/normal to overweight/obese was the highest (75.00%). And when there were "a great increase" in consumption of vegetables and fruits, "an increase" in the frequency of eating breakfast, "never or rarely" in alcohol drinking and "a reduction" in appetite, the risk of becoming overweight/obese was the lowest (2.04%) .

Conclusion

Consumption of vegetables and fruits, eating breakfast frequently, drinking alcohol and appetite are the direct predictors of overweight/obesity of Chinese healthcare workers. During the epidemic of major infectious diseases such as the COVID-19, on the premise of ensuring the normal operation of medical and health institutions, a reasonable rotation system is implemented to provide psychological support and lifestyle behavior intervention services, which is conducive to the prevention and control of obesity of healthcare workers.

Key words: Overweight, Obesity, Healthcare worker, Lifestyle, Bayesian network