灌胃牙龈卟啉单胞菌对2型糖尿病小鼠结肠机械屏障及免疫屏障影响的研究

doi:10.12114/j.issn.1007-9572.2023.0386

中国全科医学 ›› 2024, Vol. 27 ›› Issue (18): 2225-2232.DOI: 10.12114/j.issn.1007-9572.2023.0386

灌胃牙龈卟啉单胞菌对2型糖尿病小鼠结肠机械屏障及免疫屏障影响的研究

李萧纹¹, 闫福华², 陈文文¹, 黄明坤¹, 莫朝伦³, 张军梅¹^,^*()

1．550001　贵州省贵阳市，贵州医科大学口腔医学院
2．210008　江苏省南京市，南京大学
3．550001　贵州省贵阳市，贵州医科大学附属口腔医院

收稿日期:2023-04-28 修回日期:2023-08-14 出版日期:2024-06-20 发布日期:2024-03-22
通讯作者: 张军梅
作者贡献：
李萧纹提出主要研究目标，负责研究的构思与设计，研究的实施，撰写论文；陈文文、黄明坤进行数据收集与整理，统计学处理，图、表的绘制与展示；闫福华、莫朝伦进行论文的修订；李萧纹、张军梅负责最终版本修订，对论文负责。
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金资助项目(81970939); 贵州省卫生健康委项目(gzwkj2023-61)

Effects of Irrigation of Porphyromonas Gingivalis on Colonic Mechanical and Immune Barriers in Type 2 Diabetic Mice

LI Xiaowen¹, YAN Fuhua², CHEN Wenwen¹, HUANG Mingkun¹, MO Chaolun³, ZHANG Junmei¹^,^*()

1. College of Stomatolgy of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550001, China
2. Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, China
3. Stomatology Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550001, China

Received:2023-04-28 Revised:2023-08-14 Published:2024-06-20 Online:2024-03-22
Contact: ZHANG Junmei

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摘要/Abstract

摘要： 背景牙龈卟啉单胞菌（Pg.）是牙周炎的主要致病菌，研究发现Pg.能够通过口腔-肠道途径对2型糖尿病（T2DM）在内的全身疾病产生影响，而其具体机制尚不完全明确。目的探究Pg.是否通过改变肠道机械屏障及免疫屏障对T2DM产生影响。方法 40只SPF级小鼠，随机挑选24只构建T2DM模型，建模成功小鼠中挑选16只分为模型组（DM组，n=8）和模型+Pg.组（PD组，n=8），其余16只小鼠分为空白对照组（N组，n=8）和Pg.组（n=8）。建模后观察小鼠体质量和空腹血糖（FPG），第5周进行口服葡萄糖耐量试验（OGTT），绘制OGTT曲线并计算曲线下面积（AUC）。第7周起Pg.组和PD组灌饲Pg.菌液，连续灌饲5周。采用酶联免疫吸附测定脂多糖（LPS），实时荧光定量PCR检测结肠紧密连接蛋白及炎症因子，苏木素-伊红（HE）染色观察小鼠结肠组织病变。采用Pearson相关性或Spearman秩相关分析探究小鼠FPG与结肠紧密连接蛋白mRNA表达及血清LPS含量的关系。结果灌胃前第2~6周DM组体质量高于N组、Pg.组，PD组体质量高于N组，第3~6周PD组体质量高于Pg.组（P<0.05）。第9~11周N组、Pg.组体质量高于DM组、PD组，第11周PD组体质量低于DM组（P<0.05）。第3~6周PD组FPG高于N组、Pg.组，第4~6周DM组高于N组、Pg.组（P<0.05）。第7~11周Pg.组FPG低于DM组、PD组，PD组高于N组，第10、11周PD组高于Pg.组（P<0.05）。DM组AUC高于N组、Pg.组，PD组高于N组、DM组、Pg.组，PD组LPS高于N组、DM组（P<0.05）。PD组紧密连接蛋白1（ZO-1）低于N组，DM组闭合蛋白低于N组，PD组闭合蛋白低于N组、DM组、Pg.组，PD组白介素（IL）-17A低于N组、Pg.组，N组IL-10高于DM组、Pg.组、PD组，PD组肿瘤坏死因子α高于N组、DM组、Pg.组，Pg.组、PD组Toll样受体4高于N组（P<0.05）。相关性分析结果表明，FPG与LPS呈正相关，与闭合蛋白、ZO-1呈负相关（P<0.05）。病理结果显示Pg.组和DM组固有层可见结缔组织增生，伴淋巴细胞灶性浸润，PD组固有层伴淋巴细胞灶性浸润。结论 Pg.可能通过破坏肠道机械屏障及免疫屏障导致LPS入血，加重T2DM小鼠糖代谢紊乱。

关键词: 糖尿病，2型, 葡萄糖代谢障碍, 牙龈卟啉单胞菌, 肠道紧密连接蛋白, 肠道免疫

Abstract:

Background

Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg.) is the main pathogen of periodontitis. Studies have found that Pg. can affect systemic diseases including type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) through oral-intestinal pathway, but its specific mechanism remains unclear.

Objective

To explore whether Pg. has an effect on T2DM by changing intestinal mechanical and immune barriers.

Methods

A total of 24 among 40 SPF mice were randomly selected to construct T2DM models, among the successful models, 16 mice were selected to be divided into the model group (DM group, n=8) and model+Pg. group (PD group, n=8), and the other 16 mice were divided into the control group (N group, n=8) and Pg. group (n=8). After modeling, body mass and fasting plasma glucose (FPG) of mice were observed, and oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was performed at the 5th week, OGTT curve was plotted and the area under the curve (AUC) was calculated. Pg. group and PD group were gavaged with Pg. bacterial solution from the 7th week for 5 consecutive weeks. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was determined by enzyme-related immunosorbent assay (ELISA), colonic tight-junction protein and inflammatory factors were detected by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR, and colonic tissue lesions were observed by hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining. Pearson correlation or Spearman correlation analysis was used to investigate the relationship of FPG with colonic tight junction protein mRNA expression and serum LPS levels in mice.

Results

Body weight of DM group was higher than that of N group and Pg. group at 2nd to 6th weeks before irrigation (P<0.05), and body weight of PD group was higher than that of N group and body weight of PD group was higher than that of Pg. group at 3rd to 6th weeks before irrigation (P<0.05). The body weight of N group and Pg group was higher than that of DM group and PD group at 9th to 11th weeks, and the body weight of PD group was lower than that of DM group at 11th week (P<0.05). FPG in PD group was higher than that in the N and Pg. groups at 3rd to 6th weeks, and FPG in the DM group at 4th to 6th weeks was higher than that in N and Pg. groups. FPG of Pg. group was lower than that of the DM group and PD group at 7th to 11th weeks, PD group was higher than that of the N group, and PD group at week 10 and 11 was higher than the Pg. group (P<0.05). AUC in the DM group was higher than that in the N group and Pg. group, and PD group was higher than that in the N group, DM group and Pg. group (P<0.05). LPS of PD group was higher than that of N group and DM group (P<0.05). Tight junction protein 1 (ZO-1) in the PD group was lower than that in the N group, occludin in the DM group was lower than that in the N group, occludin in the PD group was lower than that in the N group, DM group and Pg. group (P<0.05). The interleukin (IL) -17A in the PD group was lower than that in the N group and Pg. group, and IL-10 in the N group was higher than that in the DM group and Pg. group (P<0.05). Tumor necrosis factor α in the PD group was higher than that in the N group, DM group and Pg. group (P<0.05). Toll-like receptor 4 in the Pg. group and PD group was higher than that in N group (P<0.05). Correlation analysis showed that FPG was positively correlated with LPS, and negatively correlated with occludin, ZO-1 (P<0.05). The pathological results showed connective tissue hyperplasia with focal lymphocyte infiltration in the lamina propria in the Pg. and DM groups, and the lamina propria with focal lymphocyte infiltration in the PD group.

Conclusion

Pg. may aggravate the glucose metabolism disorders of T2DM mice by disrupting the intestinal mechanical barrier and immune barrier leading to LPS entry into the bloodstream.

Key words: Diabetes Mellitus, type 2, Glucose metabolism disorders, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Intestinal tight junction protein, Intestinal immune

中图分类号:

R 587.1

李萧纹,闫福华,陈文文,等. 灌胃牙龈卟啉单胞菌对2型糖尿病小鼠结肠机械屏障及免疫屏障影响的研究[J]. 中国全科医学, 2024, 27(18): 2225-2232. DOI: 10.12114/j.issn.1007-9572.2023.0386.
LI Xiaowen,YAN Fuhua,CHEN Wenwen, et al. Effects of Irrigation of Porphyromonas Gingivalis on Colonic Mechanical and Immune Barriers in Type 2 Diabetic Mice[J]. Chinese General Practice, 2024, 27(18): 2225-2232. DOI: 10.12114/j.issn.1007-9572.2023.0386.

图/表 9

参考文献 31

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基因	引物
ZO-1	F：5'-GCCGCTAAGAGCACAGCAA-3'
	R：5'-TCCCCACTCTGAAAATGAGGA-3'
闭合蛋白	F：5'-TTGAAAGTCCACCTCCTTACAGA-3'
	R：5'-CCGGATAAAAAGAGTACGCTGG-3'
IL-17A	F：5'-GAAGGCCCTCAGACTACCTCAA-3'
	R：5'-TCATGTGGTGGTCCAGCTTTC-3'
IL-10	F：5'-TGCTATGCTGCCTGCTCTTA-3'
	R：5'-TCATTTCCGATAAGGCTTGG-3'
TNF-α	F：5'-AGGGTCTGGGCCATAGAACT-3'
	R：5'-CCACCACGCTCTTCTGTCTAC-3'
TLR4	F：5'-AGAAATTCCTGCAGTGGGTCA-3'
	R：5'- TCTCTACAGGTGTTGCACATGTCA-3'
GAPDH	F：5'-AGGTCGGTGTGAACGGATTTG-3'
	R：5'-TGTAGACCATGTAGTTGAGGTCA-3'

基因	引物
ZO-1	F：5'-GCCGCTAAGAGCACAGCAA-3'
	R：5'-TCCCCACTCTGAAAATGAGGA-3'
闭合蛋白	F：5'-TTGAAAGTCCACCTCCTTACAGA-3'
	R：5'-CCGGATAAAAAGAGTACGCTGG-3'
IL-17A	F：5'-GAAGGCCCTCAGACTACCTCAA-3'
	R：5'-TCATGTGGTGGTCCAGCTTTC-3'
IL-10	F：5'-TGCTATGCTGCCTGCTCTTA-3'
	R：5'-TCATTTCCGATAAGGCTTGG-3'
TNF-α	F：5'-AGGGTCTGGGCCATAGAACT-3'
	R：5'-CCACCACGCTCTTCTGTCTAC-3'
TLR4	F：5'-AGAAATTCCTGCAGTGGGTCA-3'
	R：5'- TCTCTACAGGTGTTGCACATGTCA-3'
GAPDH	F：5'-AGGTCGGTGTGAACGGATTTG-3'
	R：5'-TGTAGACCATGTAGTTGAGGTCA-3'

组别	只数	第1周	第2周	第3周	第4周	第5周	第6周
N组	8	21.05±0.83	21.44±1.05	21.11±1.29	20.36±0.94	22.89±1.85	23.79±1.72
DM组	8	21.05±0.83	23.55±0.89^a	25.85±2.14^a	28.74±2.02^a	27.48±1.22^a	25.69±1.35^a
Pg.组	8	21.00±0.64	21.50±0.85^b	20.10±0.55^b	22.08±1.59^b	22.50±2.52^b	23.88±1.86^b
PD组	8	20.88±0.72	23.03±1.53^a	25.38±1.05^ac	29.26±2.40^ac	28.04±1.92^ac	25.45±0.94^ac
F值		0.012	7.403	35.835	50.012	18.471	3.563
P值		0.998	<0.01	<0.01	<0.01	<0.01	0.027

组别	只数	第1周	第2周	第3周	第4周	第5周	第6周
N组	8	21.05±0.83	21.44±1.05	21.11±1.29	20.36±0.94	22.89±1.85	23.79±1.72
DM组	8	21.05±0.83	23.55±0.89^a	25.85±2.14^a	28.74±2.02^a	27.48±1.22^a	25.69±1.35^a
Pg.组	8	21.00±0.64	21.50±0.85^b	20.10±0.55^b	22.08±1.59^b	22.50±2.52^b	23.88±1.86^b
PD组	8	20.88±0.72	23.03±1.53^a	25.38±1.05^ac	29.26±2.40^ac	28.04±1.92^ac	25.45±0.94^ac
F值		0.012	7.403	35.835	50.012	18.471	3.563
P值		0.998	<0.01	<0.01	<0.01	<0.01	0.027

组别	只数	第7周	第8周	第9周	第10周	第11周
N组	8	25.55±1.14	25.91±0.98	26.26±0.88	26.08±0.78	26.08±0.83
DM组	8	25.84±1.66	24.39±1.98	23.46±2.25^a	22.20±1.51^a	20.91±1.64^a
Pg.组	8	25.39±0.98	26.15±0.74	26.06±0.79^b	25.23±1.37^b	24.33±0.91^b
PD组	8	25.60±1.56	24.75±1.04	22.16±1.59^ac	20.68±1.22^ac	18.96±1.44^abc
F值	F_交互=32.544，F_组间=23.272，F_时间=42.092
P值	P_交互<0.01，P_组间<0.01，P_时间<0.01

灌胃牙龈卟啉单胞菌对2型糖尿病小鼠结肠机械屏障及免疫屏障影响的研究

Effects of Irrigation of Porphyromonas Gingivalis on Colonic Mechanical and Immune Barriers in Type 2 Diabetic Mice

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组别	只数	第1周	第2周	第3周	第4周	第5周	第6周
N组	8	5.91±0.46	6.09±0.38	6.41±0.56	6.09±0.68	6.26±0.53	5.83±0.66
DM组	8	6.08±0.68	6.43±0.47	6.64±0.47	7.51±0.18^a	13.34±1.20^a	14.26±1.12^a
Pg.组	8	6.06±0.66	6.06±0.40	6.46±0.60	5.86±0.60^b	6.28±0.48^b	5.96±0.78^b
PD组	8	5.96±0.95	6.28±0.66	7.13±0.31^ac	7.19±0.84^ac	13.75±1.14^ac	14.19±1.59^ac
F值		0.098	0.972	3.390	13.480	173.660	153.534
P值		0.960	0.420	0.032	<0.01	<0.01	<0.01

组别	只数	第7周	第8周	第9周	第10周	第11周
N组	8	5.61±0.64	5.98±0.69	6.15±0.46	6.46±0.58	6.08±0.63
DM组	8	13.91±2.56^a	14.30±1.71^a	14.46±2.04^a	13.84±1.62^a	14.26±1.32^a
Pg.组	8	6.45±0.46^b	6.58±0.58^b	6.95±0.53^b	7.45±1.23^b	8.15±1.90^b
PD组	8	13.73±1.04^ac	14.05±0.57^ac	14.23±1.30^ac	15.84±1.77^abc	17.14±2.20^abc
F值	F_交互=2.187，F_组间=358.936，F_时间=6.371
P值	P_交互=0.021，P_组间<0.01，P_时间<0.01

组别	只数	0 min	30 min	60 min	90 min	120 min
N组	8	6.01±0.68	12.31±2.01	10.63±1.73	7.70±0.74	6.16±0.55
DM组	8	12.43±1.55^a	20.00±4.89^a	18.35±4.30^a	15.54±2.26^a	13.95±1.32^a
Pg.组	8	7.56±0.93^b	15.09±1.55^b	13.46±1.42^b	10.59±1.60^b	9.30±1.55^ab
PD组	8	15.08±1.29^abc	25.79±3.43^abc	24.01±4.39^abc	20.88±4.74^abc	16.91±1.89^abc
F值	F_交互=3.902，F_组间=52.580，F_时间=63.235
P值	P_交互=0.013，P_组间<0.01，P_时间<0.01

组别	只数	OGTT AUC（mmol/min）	LPS[M（P₂₅，P₇₅），EU/mL]
N组	8	1 102±96	1.55（1.46，3.17）
DM组	8	2 012±302^a	3.52（2.95，4.50）
Pg.组	8	1 427±137^b	3.92（3.02，5.49）
PD组	8	2 597±394^abc	9.42（5.63，14.10）^ab
F（H）值		25.348	20.418^d
P值		<0.01	<0.01

组别	只数	ZO-1[M（P₂₅，P₇₅）]	闭合蛋白	IL-17A[M（P₂₅，P₇₅）]	IL-10	TNF-α	TLR4
N组	8	1.05（0.70，1.16）	1.02±0.24	1.03（0.40，1.76）	1.04±0.30	1.07±0.39	1.06±0.36
DM组	8	0.95（0.40，1.17）	0.60±0.14^a	0.34（0.15，1.54）	0.55±0.09^a	1.11±0.38	1.67±0.49
Pg.组	8	0.52（0.30，1.23）	0.74±0.28	0.94（0.53，1.38）	0.58±0.19^a	1.14±0.76	2.46±1.09^a
PD组	8	0.36（0.26，0.46）^a	0.20±0.05^abc	0.16（0.12，0.34）^ac	0.60±0.13^a	2.97±1.10^abc	3.94±1.95^a
F（H）值		9.940^d	23.867	9.571^d	11.010	13.459	9.249
P值		0.019	<0.01	0.023	<0.01	<0.01	<0.01

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