中国全科医学 ›› 2023, Vol. 26 ›› Issue (32): 4057-4063.DOI: 10.12114/j.issn.1007-9572.2023.0158

• 论著·非稳态负荷专题研究 • 上一篇    下一篇

妊娠女性不同时期非稳态负荷状况及其影响因素研究

袁德慧1, 李玉红1,*(), 熊敏2, 俞敏3, 马瑞亮2, 杨方方3, 俞巧稚3, 王明欢1   

  1. 1.230601 安徽省合肥市,安徽医科大学护理学院
    2.237009 安徽省六安市金安区妇幼保健院
    3.230071 安徽省合肥市,中国人民解放军联勤保障部队第901医院妇产科
  • 收稿日期:2023-04-15 修回日期:2023-07-12 出版日期:2023-11-15 发布日期:2023-07-19
  • 通讯作者: 李玉红

  • 作者贡献:袁德慧和王明欢负责研究对象的现场招募和资料收集,管理和分析数据;袁德慧撰写论文;马瑞亮、杨方方、俞巧稚参与资料的收集;熊敏、俞敏负责协调项目的开展和质量控制;李玉红负责研究的总体设计、组织项目的实施、质量控制及文章审校,对文章负责。
  • 基金资助:
    安徽省自然科学基金面上项目(2108085MG242); 安徽医科大学护理学院研究生青苗计划培育项目(hlqm2021014)

Status and Influencing Factors of Allostatic Load in Pregnant Women at Different Trimesters

YUAN Dehui1, LI Yuhong1,*(), XIONG Min2, YU Min3, MA Ruiliang2, YANG Fangfang3, YU Qiaozhi3, WANG Minghuan1   

  1. 1. School of Nursing, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230601, China
    2. Jin'an Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Lu'an 237009, China
    3. Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 901 Hospital, Joint Logistic Support Force of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, Hefei 230071, China
  • Received:2023-04-15 Revised:2023-07-12 Published:2023-11-15 Online:2023-07-19
  • Contact: LI Yuhong

摘要: 背景 非稳态负荷(AL)作为评价慢性压力的客观指标,与不良妊娠结局有关。目前,纵向研究分析妊娠女性AL影响因素的研究较少。 目的 探讨妊娠女性不同时期AL状况及其影响因素。 方法 本研究为前瞻性研究,采用方便抽样法,于2021年11月—2022年11月对在中国人民解放军联勤保障部队第901医院和六安市金安区妇幼保健院产科门诊建档的152例妊娠早期(≤14周)、中期(23~27周)和晚期(30~34周)女性进行问卷调查、体格检查和实验室检查。采用爱丁堡产后抑郁量表(EPDS)评估妊娠期抑郁情绪。参考既往研究,采用代谢系统、心血管系统、免疫系统的相关评估指标计算AL总分,并将AL总分≥3分作为妊娠女性不同时期高AL的判定标准。采用多因素Logistic回归分析探究妊娠早期、中期和晚期AL的影响因素。 结果 在152例妊娠女性中,妊娠早期、中期和晚期女性平均AL总分分别为(2.06±1.68)、(2.07±1.84)、(2.07±1.68)分。在妊娠早期、中期和晚期分别有52例(34.2%)、54例(35.5%)和50例(32.9%)处于高AL状态(AL总分≥3分)。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,职业{商业服务业员工〔OR=0.229,95%CI(0.062,0.845),P=0.027〕、办事人员〔OR=0.164,95%CI(0.051,0.528),P=0.002〕、专业技术人员〔OR=0.278,95%CI(0.099,0.784),P=0.015〕}、失业〔OR=5.516,95%CI(1.044,29.144),P=0.044〕、抑郁情绪〔OR=6.241,95%CI(1.403,27.757),P=0.016〕是妊娠早期女性AL的影响因素。年龄〔OR=1.098,95%CI(1.002,1.202),P=0.045〕和妊娠早期AL〔OR=9.965,95%CI(4.402,22.561),P<0.001〕是妊娠中期女性AL的影响因素。妊娠晚期夜间睡眠时长〔≥9 h/d:OR=0.176,95%CI(0.044,0.703),P=0.014〕、妊娠早期AL〔OR=4.697,95%CI(1.852,11.908),P<0.001〕和妊娠中期AL〔OR=9.426,95%CI(3.728,23.834),P<0.001〕是妊娠晚期女性AL的影响因素。 结论 超过30%的女性在妊娠不同阶段处于高AL水平,且其影响因素也不尽相同,职业、失业情况、抑郁情绪是妊娠早期女性AL的影响因素,年龄和妊娠早期AL状况是妊娠中期女性AL的影响因素;妊娠晚期夜间睡眠时长、孕早/中期AL状况是妊娠晚期女性AL的影响因素。

关键词: 妊娠, 慢性应激, 非稳态负荷, 心理困扰, 生物标志物, 影响因素分析

Abstract:

Background

As an objective index to evaluate chronic stress, allostatic load (AL) is associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes. At present, there are few longitudinal studies to analyze the influencing factors of AL among pregnant women.

Objective

To investigate the status of AL and its influencing factors in pregnant women at different trimesters.

Methods

This study was designed as a prospective study. Questionnaire survey, physical examination and laboratory examination were administered to 152 women in the first (≤14 weeks), second (23-27 weeks) and third (30-34 weeks) trimesters of pregnancy collected in the obstetrics outpatient clinics of the 901 Hospital, Joint Logistic Support Force of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, Jin'an Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital from November 2021 to November 2022 by using convenience sampling method. The Edinburgh Postpartum Depression Scale (EPDS) was used to assess the depression during pregnancy. Referring to previous studies, the relevant assessment indexes of metabolic system, cardiovascular system, and immune system were used to calculate the total score of AL, and AL≥3 score was used as a criterion for determining high AL level at different trimesters of pregnancy. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis was used to explore the influencing factors of AL in the first, second and third trimesters.

Results

Among 152 pregnant women, the mean total AL score was (2.06±1.68), (2.07±1.84) and (2.07±1.68) in the first, second and third trimesters; 52 (34.2%), 54 (35.5%) and 50 (32.9%) women were in high level of AL (total score of AL≥3) in the first, second and third trimesters. The results of multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that occupations {business service employees〔OR=0.229, 95%CI (0.062, 0.845), P=0.027〕, office staff〔OR=0.164, 95%CI (0.051, 0.528), P=0.002〕, professional and technical personnel〔OR=0.278, 95%CI (0.099, 0.784), P=0.015〕}, unemployment〔OR=5.516, 95%CI (1.044, 29.144), P=0.044〕and depression〔OR=6.241, 95%CI (1.403, 27.757), P=0.016〕were the influencing factors of AL in the first trimester. Age〔OR=1.098, 95%CI (1.002, 1.202), P=0.045〕and AL in the first trimester〔OR=9.965, 95%CI (4.402, 22.561), P<0.001〕were the influencing factors of AL in the second trimester. Sleep duration in the third trimester〔≥9 h/d: OR=0.176, 95%CI (0.044, 0.703), P=0.014〕, AL in the first trimester〔OR=4.697, 95%CI (1.852, 11.908), P<0.001〕and AL in the second trimester〔OR=9.426, 95%CI (3.728, 23.834), P<0.001〕 were the influencing factors of AL in the third trimester.

Conclusion

More than 30% of women are at high levels of AL at different trimesters and the influencing factors of AL at different trimesters are different. Occupation, unemployment status, and depression are the influencing factors of AL in the first trimester; age and AL in the first trimester are the influencing factors of AL in the second trimester; sleep duration in the third trimester and AL in the first and second trimesters are the influencing factors of AL in the third trimester.

Key words: Pregnancy, Chronic stress, Allostatic load, Psychological distress, Biomarkers, Root cause analysis