中国全科医学 ›› 2023, Vol. 26 ›› Issue (35): 4388-4393.DOI: 10.12114/j.issn.1007-9572.2023.0376

• 论著·用药指导 • 上一篇    下一篇

基于Beers标准评价住院老年非瓣膜性心房颤动患者直接口服抗凝药物的潜在不适当用药研究

柳浦青1, 陈静文2, 寿张轩1,*()   

  1. 1.310005 浙江省杭州市,浙江中医药大学附属第二医院药剂科
    2.310005 浙江省杭州市,浙江中医药大学附属第二医院心内科
  • 收稿日期:2023-04-03 修回日期:2023-07-08 出版日期:2023-12-15 发布日期:2023-07-17
  • 通讯作者: 寿张轩

  • 作者贡献:柳浦青和陈静文负责查找资料并拟订DOACs的PIM评价标准、实施开展医嘱的点评,数据整理和分析工作,并撰写论文初稿;柳浦青和寿张轩提供服用DOACs电子病历数据;寿张轩对整个研究和文章的设计思路和临床问题进行指导、监督和负责。
  • 基金资助:
    2022年浙江省自然科学基金(LYY22H280001); 2022年浙江省卫生健康科技计划(2022KY235); 2022年浙江省中医药科技计划(2022ZB161)

Evaluation of Potentially Inappropriate Medication of Direct Oral Anticoagulant in Hospitalized Elderly Patients with Non-valvular Atrial Fibrillation Based on Beers Criteria

LIU Puqing1, CHEN Jingwen2, SHOU Zhangxuan1,*()   

  1. 1. Department of Pharmacy, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310005, China
    2. Department of Cardiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310005, China
  • Received:2023-04-03 Revised:2023-07-08 Published:2023-12-15 Online:2023-07-17
  • Contact: SHOU Zhangxuan

摘要: 背景 直接口服抗凝药物(DOACs)逐渐替代维生素K拮抗剂华法林,成为非瓣膜性心房颤动抗凝治疗的首选药物,但其临床使用的安全性和有效性需要持续关注。 目的 通过调查分析心内科住院老年心房颤动患者DOACs的潜在不适当用药(PIM),促进临床DOACs的合理使用。 方法 整合Beers标准、DOACs药品说明书及心房颤动患者抗凝治疗相关指南,制订DOACs的PIM评价标准,包括DOACs用于心房颤动的适应证标准、DOACs剂量与肾功能水平匹配PIM评价标准、DOACs在不同肝功能水平患者中使用标准、DOACs药物相互作用PIM评价标准、年龄相关DOACs剂量PIM评价参考、体质量相关DOACs剂量PIM评价参考、出血风险相关DOACs剂量PIM评价参考。回顾性收集2022年浙江中医药大学附属第二医院HIS系统中在心血管内科住院且接受DOACs(包括利伐沙班片、艾多沙班片和达比加群酯胶囊)抗凝治疗的老年心房颤动患者。根据纳入与排除标准筛选目标人群并按照PIM评价标准逐一展开评价。 结果 共纳入89例老年心房颤动患者,平均年龄为(77.9±8.1)岁,PIM发生率为56.18%(50/89)。3种DOACs共计发生PIM 58例次,其中利伐沙班治疗者47例次(81.03%),艾多沙班治疗者6例次(10.35%),达比加群酯治疗者5例次(8.62%)。各类型PIM情况为:肾功能相关PIM 44例次(75.86%),药物相互作用相关PIM 9例次(15.52%),肝功能相关PIM 4例次(6.90%),体质量相关PIM 1例次(1.72%)。 结论 老年非瓣膜性心房颤动患者的DOACs抗凝治疗存在不可忽视的PIM:利伐沙班治疗者PIM发生率最高,其次是艾多沙班者,主要表现为肾功能相关的PIM,药物相互作用相关的PIM以及肝功能相关的PIM。因此老年非瓣膜性心房颤动患者的抗凝治疗,需要综合患者具体情况,制订个体化的抗凝治疗方案,从而减少DOACs临床使用的PIM。

关键词: 非瓣膜性心房颤动, 抗凝治疗, 直接口服抗凝药物, Beers标准, 潜在不适当用药

Abstract:

Background

Direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) have gradually replaced the vitamin K antagonist warfarin and become the first line drugs for anticoagulant therapy in patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF), however, the safety and efficacy of DOACs in clinical use require sustained attention.

Objective

To promote rational use of DOACs by investigating and analyzing the potentially inappropriate medication (PIM) of DOACs in elderly patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) hospitalized in Cardiology Department.

Methods

Beers criteria, DOACs drug inserts and anticoagulant treatment guidelines were integrated to develop the PIM evaluation criteria for DOACs therapy, including criterias for the indication of DOACs for AF, PIM evaluation of DOACs dose matched to renal function, DOACs application in patients with different liver function and PIM evaluation of DOACs drug interaction, evaluation references for age related PIM, body weight related PIM and bleeding risk related PIM. A retrospective analysis was performed to collect elderly NVAF patients from Hospital Information System (HIS) who were admitted to the department of cardiology and received DOACs (rivaroxaban tablets, edoxaban tablets and dabigatran etexilate capsules) therapy from January 2022 to December 2022 in the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University. The target population was screened according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria and evaluated individually according to the PIM evaluation criteria.

Results

A total of 89 elderly NVAF patients were enrolled with an average age of (77.9±8.1) years, and the incidence of PIM was 56.18% (50/89). A total of 58 cases of PIM in the three DOACs, including 47 cases (81.03%) in the rivaroxaban, 6 cases (10.35%) in the edoxaban and 5 cases (8.62%) in the dabigatran etexilate. Sorted by PIM categories, the incidence of renal function-related PIM was 75.86% (44 cases), drug interaction related PIM was 15.52% (9 cases), liver function related PIM was 6.90% (4 cases) and weight related PIM was 1.72% (1 case) .

Conclusion

Anticoagulation treatment with DOACs in elderly patients with NVAF is associated with non-negligible PIM, rivaroxaban-treated patients have the highest incidence of PIM, followed by edoxaban-treated patients, which mainly manifests as renal function related PIM, drug interaction related PIM and liver function related PIM. Therefore, the clinicians need to develop individualized anticoagulation regimens integrating patient-specific conditions in the anticoagulation in elderly patients with NVAF, thereby reducing the PIM of DOACs therapy.

Key words: Non-valvular atrial fibrillation, Anticoagulant therapy, Direct oral anticoagulants, Beers criteria, Potential inappropriate medication