中国全科医学 ›› 2023, Vol. 26 ›› Issue (15): 1831-1839.DOI: 10.12114/j.issn.1007-9572.2022.0785

• 论著·糖尿病并发症 • 上一篇    下一篇

血尿酸水平与2型糖尿病发病风险的关联队列研究

宋华隆1, 高鹰2,*()   

  1. 1.300381 天津市,天津中医药大学第一附属医院 国家中医针灸临床医学研究中心
    2.300052 天津市,天津医科大学总医院健康管理中心
  • 收稿日期:2022-10-12 修回日期:2022-12-20 出版日期:2023-05-20 发布日期:2022-12-29
  • 通讯作者: 高鹰

  • 作者贡献:高鹰提出研究思路,设计研究方案及调查问卷,负责论文最终版本修订,对论文负责;宋华隆负责研究方案的实施,负责数据收集、采集、清洗和统计学分析,绘制图表并负责论文起草。
  • 基金资助:
    天津市卫生健康科技项目(KJ20178)

Association between Serum Uric Acid and the Risk of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: a Population-based Prospective Cohort Study

SONG Hualong1, GAO Ying2,*()   

  1. 1. First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine/National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin 300381, China
    2. Health Management Center, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China
  • Received:2022-10-12 Revised:2022-12-20 Published:2023-05-20 Online:2022-12-29
  • Contact: GAO Ying

摘要: 背景 近年来血尿酸(SUA)升高导致的高尿酸血症(HUA)高发,已成为我国继高血糖、高血脂、高血压之后的第四高疾病,继糖尿病之后的第二大代谢性疾病。已有证据表明,SUA水平升高与2型糖尿病(T2DM)发病风险有显著关联,但目前缺少国人数据及HUA合并不良生活方式或慢性病人群的研究。 目的 探讨健康体检人群基线SUA水平及HUA合并不良生活方式与慢性病时T2DM的发病风险。 方法 选取2017—2020年在天津中医药大学第一附属医院治未病健康管理中心至少有2次健康体检的符合纳入、排除标准的17 626例受检者为研究对象,收集其人口学特征、生活方式、体格检查及实验室检查等资料。随访期间发生T2DM则随访截止,或至随访结束(2020-12-31),收集研究对象T2DM的发病日期及临床就诊信息。计算总体人群及亚组人群T2DM的累积发病率和总体人群发病密度。采用Cox比例风险回归模型分析基线SUA水平与T2DM发病风险关联,采用多因素Cox比例风险回归模型分层分析不同亚组HUA与T2DM发病风险的关联。 结果 研究对象中位年龄为38.2(31.9,49.6)岁,基线SUA水平为304.50(248.00,374.00)μmol/L,HUA总患病率为13.12%。累积随访54 633人年,中位随访时间为3.10年,T2DM新发479例,发病密度为8.77〔95%CI(8.00,9.59)〕/1 000人年,累积发病率为2.72%〔95%CI(2.48%,2.97%)〕。年龄≥60岁、男性、目前吸烟、目前饮酒、BMI≥28.0 kg/m2、高血压、血脂异常及HUA亚组人群中T2DM累积发病率更高。多因素调整后Cox比例风险回归模型分析结果显示,HUA人群新发T2DM的HR为1.32〔95%CI(1.04,1.67),P=0.023〕;SUA每升高10 μmol/L,T2DM的发病风险增加3%〔HR=1.03,95%CI(1.01,1.04),P<0.001〕。多因素Cox比例风险回归模型分层分析结果显示,年龄≥60岁〔HR=6.78,95%CI(4.16,11.03),P<0.001〕、女性〔HR=2.31,95%CI(1.54,3.45),P<0.001〕、目前吸烟〔HR=1.79,95%CI(1.23,2.60),P=0.002〕、目前饮酒〔HR=1.61,95%CI(1.23,2.10),P<0.001〕、BMI≥28.0 kg/m2〔HR=1.69,95%CI(1.07,2.68),P=0.026〕、高血压〔HR=2.89,95%CI(2.15,3.89),P<0.001〕、血脂异常〔HR=2.39,95%CI(1.80,3.16),P<0.001〕亚组人群中伴HUA时T2DM发病风险更高。 结论 健康体检人群基线SUA水平升高与T2DM的高发病风险相关,且高龄、女性、目前吸烟及饮酒、肥胖、高血压及血脂异常人群伴HUA时T2DM发病风险更高。

关键词: 糖尿病,2型, 高尿酸血症, 慢性病, 血尿酸, 发病风险, Cox比例风险模型, 队列研究

Abstract:

Background

Hyperuricemia (HUA) caused by elevated serum uric acid (SUA) has become the fourth most common disease after hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, and hypertension, and the second most common metabolic disease after diabetes. It has been shown that elevated SUA levels are significantly associated with the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). However, there is a lack of studies on Chinese population and studies on HUA combined with unhealthy lifestyle or chronic disease.

Objective

To investigate the association between baseline SUA levels, HUA combined with unhealthy lifestyle or chronic diseases and the risk of T2DM in health examination population.

Methods

A total of 17 626 individuals meeting the inclusion and exclusion criteria who had underwent at least two physical examinations from 2017 to 2020 in Preventive Treatment & Health Management Center, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine were selected as the subjects. Information about their demographics, lifestyle, physical examination results, and laboratory indicators was collected. A follow-up was carried out with them until the onset of T2DM or the end of follow-up (2020-12-31), during which the onset day of T2DM and clinical visit information for T2DM were collected. The cumulative incidence and incidence density of T2DM in the total population, and cumulative incidence of T2DM in subgroups were calculated. The Cox proportional-hazards model was used to investigate the association between baseline SUA level and the risk of T2DM. And stratified multivariate Cox proportional-hazards regression model was used to further analyze their association in different subgroups.

Results

The subjects had a median age of 38.2 (31.9, 49.6) years, a median baseline SUA level of 304.50 (248.00, 374.00) μmol/L, and an overall prevalence of HUA of 13.12%. The cumulative follow-up was 54 633 person-years, with a median follow-up of 3.10 years. There were 479 new cases of T2DM. The incidence density was 8.77 〔95%CI (8.00, 9.59) 〕 /1 000 person-years and the cumulative incidence rate was 2.72%〔95%CI (2.48%, 2.97%) 〕. Higher cumulative incidence rate of T2DM was found in older age group (≥60 years old), male cases, or those with current smoking, current alcohol drinking, BMI≥28.0 kg/m2, hypertension, dyslipidemia, or HUA. The multivariate-adjusted Cox proportional hazards regression model showed that HUA patients had an increased risk of T2DM, with an HR of 1.32〔95%CI (1.04, 1.67), P=0.023〕. For every 10 μmol/L increase in baseline SUA level, the risk of T2DM increased by 3%〔HR=1.03, 95%CI (1.01, 1.04), P<0.001〕. Stratified analysis of multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression model showed that the risk of T2DM increased in 60-year-olds and above〔HR=6.78, 95%CI (4.16, 11.03), P<0.001〕, females 〔HR=2.31, 95%CI (1.54, 3.45), P<0.001〕, current smokers 〔HR=1.79, 95%CI (1.23, 2.60), P=0.002〕, current alcohol drinkers 〔HR=1.61, 95%CI (1.23, 2.10), P<0.001〕, individuals with BMI≥28.0 kg/m2HR=1.69, 95%CI (1.07, 2.68), P=0.026〕, hypertensioners 〔HR=2.89, 95%CI (2.15, 3.89), P<0.001〕, or individuals with dyslipidemia 〔HR=2.39, 95%CI (1.80, 3.16), P<0.001〕with HUA.

Conclusion

Elevated baseline SUA levels are associated with a high risk of T2DM in health examination population, and the risk may be even higher in elderly people, females, current smokers, current drinkers, individuals with obesity, hypertension, or dyslipidemia with HUA.

Key words: Diabetes mellitus, type 2, Hyperuricemia, Chronic disease, Serum uric acid, Incident risk, Cox proportional hazards models, Cohort studies