中国全科医学 ›› 2023, Vol. 26 ›› Issue (10): 1186-1191.DOI: 10.12114/j.issn.1007-9572.2022.0602

• 论著·基层卫生服务研究 • 上一篇    下一篇

中国社区全科医生心理资本现状及影响因素研究

张莉1, 郑艳玲1, 冯晶2, 甘勇2,*()   

  1. 1.430060 湖北省武汉市,武昌区首义路街社区卫生服务中心
    2.430030 湖北省武汉市,华中科技大学同济医学院公共卫生学院
  • 收稿日期:2022-08-17 修回日期:2022-12-06 出版日期:2023-04-05 发布日期:2022-12-29
  • 通讯作者: 甘勇
  • 张莉,郑艳玲,冯晶,等.中国社区全科医生心理资本现状及影响因素研究[J].中国全科医学,2023,26(10):1186-1191,1197.[www.chinagp.net]

    作者贡献:张莉负责文章的构思与设计、论文撰写;郑艳玲负责文献及相关资料的收集与整理、数据的校对;冯晶负责问卷设计、数据分析、论文修订;甘勇负责文章的可行性分析、英文的修订、审校,并对文章进行整体把握,监督管理。
  • 基金资助:
    中央高校基本科研业务费资助项目(HUST(2020kfyXJJS059))

Psychological Capital and Associated Factors among Community General Practitioners in China

ZHANG Li1, ZHENG Yanling1, FENG Jing2, GAN Yong2,*()   

  1. 1. Shouyilu Street Community Health Center of Wuchang District, Wuhan 430060, China
    2. School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
  • Received:2022-08-17 Revised:2022-12-06 Published:2023-04-05 Online:2022-12-29
  • Contact: GAN Yong
  • About author:
    ZHANG L, ZHENG Y L, FENG J, et al. Psychological capital and associated factors among community general practitioners in China [J]. Chinese General Practice, 2023, 26 (10): 1186-1191, 1197.

摘要: 背景 心理资本会对个体态度、行为和绩效产生明显影响,而目前关于全科医生心理资本及其相关因素的研究较为有限。 目的 了解中国社区全科医生心理资本现状和影响因素,为基层卫生人力资源管理提供参考。 方法 采用多阶段分层随机抽样的方法,于2021年3—5月,在中国东、中、西部各随机各抽取5个省(自治区、直辖市),在其社区卫生服务机构名单中各随机抽取40家社区卫生服务机构,并在调查当日于每家社区卫生服务机构的值班表中随机抽取40%在岗的全科医生(4 632例)进行问卷调查。问卷内容包括基本信息、工作场所暴力、心理资本3个部分,采用一般描述性分析、秩和检验、广义线性回归方法进行统计分析。 结果 共纳入4 376例社区全科医生,心理资本总得分为104(20)分,总均分为4.33(0.83)分,高于理论中间值3.50分。地区〔中部(b=1.355)〕、年龄〔40~49岁(b=2.609),≥50岁(b=4.035)〕、婚姻状况〔在婚(b=1.801)〕、执业地点〔农村(b=2.088)〕、行政职务〔无(b=-1.734)〕、每周工作时间〔>50 h(b=2.743)〕、日均诊疗量〔20~39人次(b=2.177)〕、工作量〔一般(b=6.900),较大(b=8.146)〕、工作压力〔一般(b=-6.936),较大(b=-10.309)〕、职业发展机会〔一般(b=2.073),较多(b=7.747)〕及工作场所暴力〔低频度(b=-3.132),中频度(b=-3.990),高频度(b=-7.033)〕是全科医生心理资本水平的影响因素(P<0.05)。 结论 中国社区全科医生心理资本处于中等偏上水平,影响因素复杂,应重视全科医生的心理健康状况,采取措施减轻其心理压力,提升全科医生心理资本水平。

关键词: 全科医生, 心理资本, 工作场所暴力, 职业压力, 全科医学, 社区卫生服务, 影响因素分析

Abstract:

Background

Psychological capital (PsyCap) has a significant impact on individual attitude, behavior, and performance. Currently, studies on the level and associated factors of PsyCap among general practitioners (GPs) are limited.

Objective

To investigate the level of PsyCap and its associated factors among community GPs in China, providing evidence for human resource management in primary health care.

Methods

To conduct the questionnaire survey, 40 community health service institutions from their list of community health service institutions were randomly chosen, 4 632 GPs (40% of whom were on duty) were randomly selected from each community health service institution's duty roster on the day of the survey, and all five provinces (autonomous, municipalities) regions in the east, central, and west China were chosen by use of multi-stage stratified random sampling between March and May 2021. The questionnaire consisted of 3 sections: general information, workplace violence, and PsyCap, and statistical analysis was performed using general descriptive analysis, rank sum test, and generalized linear regression.

Results

A total of 4 376 community GPs were finally included as eligible respondents. The total median score and average total score of PsyCap were 104 (20) and 4.33 (0.83), higher than the theoretical median (3.50 points). The region〔central China (b=1.355) 〕, age〔40~49 (b=2.609), ≥50 (b=4.035) 〕, marital status〔married (b=1.801) 〕, practice setting〔rural (b=2.088) 〕, holding an administrative post〔no (b=-1.734) 〕, weekly working hours〔>50 (b=2.743) 〕, average number of daily consultations〔20~39 (b=2.177) 〕, workload〔moderate (b=6.900), high (b=8.146) 〕, occupational stress〔moderate (b=-6.936), high (b=-10.309) 〕, occupational development opportunities〔general (b=2.073), more (b=7.747) 〕, and the frequency of workplace violence〔low (b=-3.132), medium (b=-3.990), high (b=-7.033) 〕were factors associated with the level of PsyCap among GPs significantly (P<0.05) .

Conclusion

The PsyCap of community GPs in China is at an upper medium level, and the associated factors are complicated. To improve the level of PsyCap among GPs, attention should be paid to their mental health status, and provide them with interventions targeting PsyCap-related factors to lessen the GPs' stress.

Key words: General practitioner, Psychological capital, Workplace violence, Occupational stress, General practice, Community health services, Root cause analysis