中国全科医学 ›› 2022, Vol. 25 ›› Issue (34): 4304-4311.DOI: 10.12114/j.issn.1007-9572.2022.0295

所属专题: 高血压最新文章合集 营养最新文章合集

• 论著·人群健康研究 • 上一篇    下一篇

中式改良DASH饮食对高血压合并2型糖尿病患者营养健康状况的影响研究

牟莉莎1, 龚涛2, 徐惠旎3, 陈丹1, 唐杰1, 蔡舒文1, 牟李红1,*()   

  1. 1.401334 重庆市,重庆医科大学公共卫生学院医学与社会发展研究中心
    2.401334 重庆市,重庆医科大学公共卫生学院营养与食品卫生系
    3.400060 重庆市南岸区人民医院
  • 收稿日期:2022-04-25 修回日期:2022-08-08 出版日期:2022-12-05 发布日期:2022-09-01
  • 通讯作者: 牟李红
  • 牟莉莎,龚涛,徐惠旎,等.中式改良DASH饮食对高血压合并2型糖尿病患者营养健康状况的影响研究[J].中国全科医学,2022,25(34):4304-4311.[www.chinagp.net]
    作者贡献:
    牟李红负责提出研究思路、确定研究方案;牟莉莎负责招募患者、实施干预、收集与分析数据、撰写论文;龚涛负责营养指导与论文修订;徐惠旎负责统筹项目实施;陈丹、唐杰、蔡舒文负责数据采集与清洗。
  • 基金资助:
    重庆市技术创新与应用发展专项面上项目(cstc2019jscx-msxmX0267)

Effects of a Chinese-style DASH Diet on Nutritional Health in Hypertensive Patients with Type 2 Diabetes

MU Lisha1, GONG Tao2, XU Huini3, CHEN Dan1, TANG Jie1, CAI Shuwen1, MU Lihong1,*()   

  1. 1.Research Center for Medicine and Social Development, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 401334, China
    2.Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 401334, China
    3.Nan'an District People's Hospital, Chongqing 400060, China
  • Received:2022-04-25 Revised:2022-08-08 Published:2022-12-05 Online:2022-09-01
  • Contact: MU Lihong
  • About author:
    MU L S, GONG T, XU H N, et al. Effects of a Chinese-style DASH diet on nutritional health in hypertensive patients with type 2 diabetes[J]. Chinese General Practice, 2022, 25 (34) : 4304-4311.

摘要: 背景 高血压可以导致心、脑、肾、视网膜等靶器官损伤,糖尿病可以引起一系列代谢紊乱综合征,并导致各种并发症的发生,二者皆为心脑血管疾病的重要危险因素,而践行健康的膳食模式对高血压和糖尿病的预防和控制有明显的作用。 目的 探讨中式改良终止高血压膳食疗法(DASH)饮食模式对改善社区高血压合并2型糖尿病患者营养健康状况的效果。 方法 本研究为自身前后对照研究。于2020年7月,采用随机抽样法,选取在重庆市四海社区卫生服务中心建档的61例高血压合并2型糖尿病患者作为研究对象,对其进行为期8周的中式改良DASH饮食干预,其中第1~2周为膳食指导阶段,第3~4周为集中供餐阶段,第5~8周为居家医养阶段。采用食物频率调查法、24 h膳食回顾法评估受试对象干预前和干预后的膳食结构、营养素摄入情况,并观察受试对象干预前后体成分(BMI、腰臀比)和血脂指标(三酰甘油、总胆固醇、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇)水平变化,以及血糖和血压的控制情况。 结果 最终共纳入研究对象59例。与干预前相比,在膳食结构方面,干预后受试对象人均每日大豆及坚果、腌制品、油炸食品、盐摄入量减少,人均每日新鲜水果、鲜奶及其制品摄入量增加(P<0.05);营养素摄入情况方面,干预后受试对象人均每日脂肪、钠摄入量减少,人均每日膳食纤维、钙、钾、镁摄入量增加(P<0.05),且脂肪供能比例符合要求者增多(P<0.05);干预后受试对象总胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇、收缩压、舒张压、餐后2 h血糖水平均有所降低(P<0.05)。从干预第4周开始,受试人群随访时餐后2 h血糖控制率高于干预前水平,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),干预结束时达69.5%;除干预第2周外,干预期间受试人群随访时血压控制率均高于干预前水平,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),干预结束时达到67.8%。 结论 对社区高血压合并2型糖尿病患者进行中式改良DASH饮食干预,可帮助患者改变不合理的饮食结构,有助于改善患者的营养状况,进而达到健康促进的目的。

关键词: 高血压, 糖尿病,2型, 饮食疗法, 终止高血压膳食疗法, 营养状况, 健康状况

Abstract:

Background

High blood pressure can cause damages of target organs such as the heart, brain, kidneys and retina, while diabetes can cause a series of metabolic disorders, resulting in a variety of complications. Both are major risk factors for cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. Eating a healthy diet may significantly contribute to the prevention and control of hypertension and diabetes.

Objective

To investigate the effects of a Chinese-style DASH diet in improving the nutritional status of community-living patients with type 2 diabetes and hypertension.

Methods

Sixty-one hypertensive patients with type 2 diabetes with medical records created in Chongqing Sihai Community Health Center were selected to undergo an eight-week Chinese-style DASH diet intervention, including dietary guidance (at 1 and 2 weeks) , eating the Chinese-style DASH diet provided using a group-based approach (at 3 and 4 weeks) , and home-based medical care (at 5 to 8 weeks) . Food frequency survey and 24-hour dietary recall were used to investigate the dietary structure and nutritional intake at baseline and after intervention. Anthropometric indicators (BMI and waist-to-hip ratio) , blood lipids (triacylglycerol, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol) , glycemic control and hypertension control status at baseline and after intervention were compared.

Results

A total of 59 cases were included in the study. Regarding dietary structure after intervention, the average daily intake of soy, nuts, pickled products, fried foods and salt significantly decreased in subjects, while that of fresh fruit, milk and dairy products increased significantly (P<0.05) . Regarding nutritional status, the daily average intake of fat and sodium was significantly reduced, while that of dietary fiber, calcium, potassium and magnesium was significantly increased (P<0.05) . The number of participants eating a diet with a recommended ratio of fat increased significantly (P<0.05) . Health monitoring showed that total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure and 2-hour postprandial glucose were partially improved after intervention (P<0.05) . From the 4th week of the intervention, the control rate of 2-hour postprandial glucose at follow-up was significantly higher than the baseline level (P<0.05) , and it reached 69.5% at the end of the intervention. Except for the 2nd week of the intervention, the blood pressure control rate at follow-up was notably higher than the baseline level (P<0.05) , and it reached 67.8% at the end of the intervention.

Conclusion

Eating the Chinese-style DASH diet helps to promote the health in community-living hypertension patients with type 2 diabetes via effectively adjusting the inappropriate diet structure and improving the nutritional status.

Key words: Hypertension, Diabetes mellitus, type 2, Dietary therapy, Dietary approaches to stop hypertension, Nutritional status, Health status