中国全科医学 ›› 2022, Vol. 25 ›› Issue (11): 1399-1405.DOI: 10.12114/j.issn.1007-9572.2021.01.104
祁晓媛1,2,3, 宋宁1, 顾平3, 杨旭1,*
收稿日期:
2021-04-11
修回日期:
2021-08-06
出版日期:
2022-04-15
发布日期:
2022-03-28
通讯作者:
杨旭
基金资助:
Research Advances in Vestibular Rehabilitation Mechanism and Treatment
QI Xiaoyuan1,2,3,SONG Ning1,GU Ping3,YANG Xu1*
1.Department of Neurology,Aerospace Center Hospital(Peking University Aerospace School of Clinical Medicine),Beijing 100049,China
2.Department of Neurology,Cangzhou Center Hospital,Cangzhou 061000,China
3.Department Neurology,the First Hospital of Hebei Medical University,Shijiazhuang 050030,China
*Corresponding author:YANG Xu,Chief physician,Associate professor,Master supervisor;E-mail:xuyanghangtian@163.com
Received:
2021-04-11
Revised:
2021-08-06
Published:
2022-04-15
Online:
2022-03-28
摘要: 近年来,前庭疾病的临床诊治水平快速提高,尤其是前庭评价技术和新的前庭康复技术的发展,极大地推动了外周及中枢前庭疾病康复的个体化、精准化的发展。前庭康复训练可通过纠正不恰当的代偿策略和/或加速良好代偿的过程,有效地提高患者的前庭觉、视觉和本体觉对平衡的协调控制能力,改善中枢神经系统的代偿功能,从而减轻或消除患者的头晕、眩晕和不稳症状,最终达到前庭康复状态。在此背景下,本文就前庭康复机制、康复前评估、方案制定及治疗进展等进行综述,以期为国内前庭康复的临床应用及研究提供重要参考。
中图分类号:
QI Xiaoyuan, SONG Ning, GU Ping, YANG Xu.
Research Advances in Vestibular Rehabilitation Mechanism and Treatment [J]. Chinese General Practice, 2022, 25(11): 1399-1405.
类别 | 评价项目 |
---|---|
身体功能变化 | 动态视敏度,凝视稳定性试验,视觉模拟量表,视觉眩晕模拟量表,摇头与感觉整合试验,改良的平衡感觉相互作用临床试验,强化Romberg试验,运动敏感性商,眩晕症状量表 |
身体结构变化 | 脑结构、脊髓和相关结构、内耳结构、心血管结构系统评价 |
活动参与情况 | 动态步态指数,功能性步态评价,步行速度测试,坐位到直立测试,功能性前伸,起立和行走试验,Berg平衡量表,平衡评价系统试验及其简化版,活动特定的平衡信心量表,眩晕评价量表,加州大学洛杉矶分校头晕问卷,眩晕障碍问卷,前庭疾病日常活动量表,前庭活动和参与量表,前庭康复获益问卷 |
环境因素影响 | 供个人消费的产品或物质,个人室内、室外移动和运输的产品及技术,灯光,直系亲属,健康专业人员,健康服务、系统和政策 |
表1 头晕、眩晕和不稳患者的ICF模型评价方法
Table 1 International Classification of Functioning,Disability and Health Core Set for patients with vertigo,dizziness and balance disorders
类别 | 评价项目 |
---|---|
身体功能变化 | 动态视敏度,凝视稳定性试验,视觉模拟量表,视觉眩晕模拟量表,摇头与感觉整合试验,改良的平衡感觉相互作用临床试验,强化Romberg试验,运动敏感性商,眩晕症状量表 |
身体结构变化 | 脑结构、脊髓和相关结构、内耳结构、心血管结构系统评价 |
活动参与情况 | 动态步态指数,功能性步态评价,步行速度测试,坐位到直立测试,功能性前伸,起立和行走试验,Berg平衡量表,平衡评价系统试验及其简化版,活动特定的平衡信心量表,眩晕评价量表,加州大学洛杉矶分校头晕问卷,眩晕障碍问卷,前庭疾病日常活动量表,前庭活动和参与量表,前庭康复获益问卷 |
环境因素影响 | 供个人消费的产品或物质,个人室内、室外移动和运输的产品及技术,灯光,直系亲属,健康专业人员,健康服务、系统和政策 |
治疗 | 建议 | 证据级别 |
---|---|---|
扫视训练a | 强烈反对 | Ⅰ |
平滑跟踪训练a | 强烈反对 | Ⅰ |
针对训练 | 中等建议 | Ⅱ |
指导训练 | 中等建议 | Ⅱ |
凝视稳定性训练,每天12~20 minb | 专家意见 | Ⅴ |
表2 美国物理治疗协会对目前外周前庭功能减退患者的治疗建议
Table 2 Current treatment recommendations for persons with peripheral vestibular hypofunction from the APTA
治疗 | 建议 | 证据级别 |
---|---|---|
扫视训练a | 强烈反对 | Ⅰ |
平滑跟踪训练a | 强烈反对 | Ⅰ |
针对训练 | 中等建议 | Ⅱ |
指导训练 | 中等建议 | Ⅱ |
凝视稳定性训练,每天12~20 minb | 专家意见 | Ⅴ |
症状/行为 | 前庭康复 | 认知行为疗法 |
---|---|---|
站姿和步态僵硬(包括共存的功能性步态障碍) | 正常站姿(放松的姿势,正常的体质分布);正常步态(放松的步态,自然的步态,消除不必要的辅助步态) | 减少过度的身体警觉,消除对头晕或摔倒的恐惧 |
运动敏感 | 习服锻炼(逐渐增加头部、眼睛和身体活动) | 减少身体过度警觉,脱敏策略与理疗相辅相成 |
视觉依赖 | 习服训练(逐渐暴露于日益复杂模式和移动的视觉刺激) | 减少身体过度警觉,脱敏策略与理疗相辅相成 |
规避刺激环境 | 逐渐暴露 | 对抗预期性焦虑,促进逐渐暴露 |
表3 PPPD的物理治疗和心理治疗建议
Table 3 Recommendations for physical therapy and psychotherapy for persistent postural-perceptual dizziness
症状/行为 | 前庭康复 | 认知行为疗法 |
---|---|---|
站姿和步态僵硬(包括共存的功能性步态障碍) | 正常站姿(放松的姿势,正常的体质分布);正常步态(放松的步态,自然的步态,消除不必要的辅助步态) | 减少过度的身体警觉,消除对头晕或摔倒的恐惧 |
运动敏感 | 习服锻炼(逐渐增加头部、眼睛和身体活动) | 减少身体过度警觉,脱敏策略与理疗相辅相成 |
视觉依赖 | 习服训练(逐渐暴露于日益复杂模式和移动的视觉刺激) | 减少身体过度警觉,脱敏策略与理疗相辅相成 |
规避刺激环境 | 逐渐暴露 | 对抗预期性焦虑,促进逐渐暴露 |
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