中国全科医学 ›› 2022, Vol. 25 ›› Issue (31): 3877-3883.DOI: 10.12114/j.issn.1007-9572.2022.0154

所属专题: 共病最新文章合集 衰弱最新文章合集 老年问题最新文章合集

• 论著·认知障碍专题研究 • 上一篇    下一篇

住院共病老年人发生认知衰弱的影响因素及其对预后的影响

严雪丹, 陈善萍, 周莉华, 王凌霄, 杨永学*(), 任燕   

  1. 611137 四川省成都市,成都市第五人民医院(成都中医药大学附属第五人民医院/第二临床医学院)老年医学科 成都市老年疾病研究所
  • 收稿日期:2021-11-25 修回日期:2022-09-01 出版日期:2022-11-05 发布日期:2022-09-19
  • 通讯作者: 杨永学
  • 严雪丹,陈善萍,周莉华,等.住院共病老年人发生认知衰弱的影响因素及其对预后的影响[J].中国全科医学,2022,25(31):3877-3883.[www.chinagp.net]
    作者贡献:严雪丹负责文章的构思与设计、统计学处理、结果的分析与解释,撰写论文,并对文章整体负责、监督管理;杨永学负责研究的实施与可行性分析,数据的整理,论文的修订,以及文章的质量控制与审校;陈善萍、周莉华、王凌霄、任燕负责数据收集、整理。
  • 基金资助:
    四川省卫生与计划生育委员会科研课题(150021); 四川省卫生与计划生育委员会科研课题(19PJ015); 成都市卫生健康委科研课题(2019051)

Risk Factors of Cognitive Frailty in Hospitalized Older Patients with Comorbidities and Its Implication for Patient Outcomes

YAN Xuedan, CHEN Shanping, ZHOU Lihua, WANG Lingxiao, YANG Yongxue*(), REN Yan   

  1. Geriatric Diseases Institute of Chengdu/Department of Geriatrics, Chengdu Fifth People's Hospital (the Second Clinical Medical College/Affiliated Fifth People's Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine) , Chengdu 611137, China
  • Received:2021-11-25 Revised:2022-09-01 Published:2022-11-05 Online:2022-09-19
  • Contact: YANG Yongxue
  • About author:
    YAN X D, CHEN S P, ZHOU L H, et al. Risk factors of cognitive frailty in hospitalized older patients with comorbidities and its implication for patient outcomes [J] . Chinese General Practice, 2022, 25 (31) : 3877-3883.

摘要: 背景 认知衰弱是介于正常脑老化和痴呆之间的一种认知损伤状态。认知衰弱老年人负性临床事件的发生率较单纯衰弱或认知障碍老年人明显增高。认知衰弱具有一定的可逆性,尽早识别认知衰弱高危人群并及时进行干预在减少不良预后、提高老年患者晚年生活质量方面显得尤为重要。 目的 调查住院共病老年人认知衰弱发生现状及其影响因素,分析认知衰弱与住院共病老年人出院后2年死亡风险的关系。 方法 本研究为"老年共病患者临床管理模式及社区延续性医疗模式研究与示范"项目中的一部分。选取2015年11月至2018年1月入住于成都市第五人民医院老年科的年龄≥60岁的共病患者为研究对象,采用自设问卷收集患者的一般资料、慢性病患病信息,并对其进行老年综合评估。根据衰弱量表(FRAIL)、简易精神状况检查量表(MMSE)评估结果判断共病老年人认知衰弱发生情况。采用二元Logistic回归分析住院共病老年人认知衰弱的影响因素。以患者出院为起点事件,于患者出院2年后,对其进行1次随访,了解患者的生存情况。采用Cox回归分析认知衰弱与住院共病老年人出院后2年死亡风险的关系。 结果 共纳入老年共病患者554例,其中15.9%(88/554)存在认知衰弱。与非认知衰弱组共病老年人相比,认知衰弱组共病老年人年龄更大,受教育程度为高中及以上者占比、家庭关怀度指数量表(APGAR)得分更低,营养不良、抑郁、日常生活活动能力依赖、平衡功能障碍者占比更高(P<0.05)。二元Logistic回归结果显示,营养不良、平衡功能障碍、APGAR得分低是住院共病老年人发生认知衰弱的影响因素(P<0.05)。2年随访期内,456例(82.3%)患者存活,81例(14.6%)患者死亡,17例(3.1%)患者失访。Cox回归结果显示,控制混杂因素后,认知衰弱组共病老年人出院后2年内死亡风险分别为非衰弱且认知功能正常组、单纯衰弱组共病老年人的2.039〔95%CI(1.060,3.922)〕、5.266〔95%CI(3.159,8.778)〕倍(P<0.05)。 结论 住院共病老年人存在认知衰弱的现象比较普遍,且认知衰弱可增加其出院后2年内的死亡风险。临床工作中,医务人员应提高对这一群体的关注度,尽早识别认知衰弱高危人群并及时给予其预防性干预措施。

关键词: 老年人, 慢性病共病, 住院病人, 认知衰弱, 影响因素分析, 预后

Abstract:

Background

Cognitive frailty is a cognitive impairment state between normal aging and dementia. Cognitive frailty is associated with higher possibility of negative clinical events than simple frailty or cognitive impairment in older people. As cognitive frailty could be reversible toa certain degree, early identification of high-risk groups and timely intervention are particularly important in reducing adverse prognoses and improving the quality of life of elderly patients in their later years.

Objective

To investigate the prevalence and influencing factors of cognitive frailty, and its relationship with two-year post-discharge mortality in hospitalized elderly patients with comorbidities.

Methods

The data were collected from part of the project "Research and Demonstration of Clinical Management and Community-based Continuing Care Models for Older People with Comorbidities", involving a cluster sample of older inpatients with comorbidity aged≥60 years recruited from Department of Gerontology, Chengdu Fifth People's Hospital from November 2015 to January 2018. Demographics, chronic disease prevalence, and comprehensive geriatric assessment results were collected. Cognitive frailty was assessed by the FRAIL scale and Mini-Mental State Examination. Binary Logistic regression was used to analyze the influencing factors of cognitive frailty. The survival status was investigated at the end of a two-year follow-up after discharge. Cox regression was used to analyze the relationship of cognitive frailty with two-year post-discharge mortality.

Results

A total of 554 cases were included, and 15.9% (88/554) of them had cognitive frailty. Compared with non-cognitive frailty group, cognitive frailty group had older average age, lower prevalence of high school education or above, lower average family care score, higher prevalence of malnutrition, depression, dependence in activities of daily living and balance dysfunction (P<0.05) . Binary Logistic regression analysis showed that malnutrition, balance dysfunction, and family care disorder were independent factors of cognitive frailty. During the follow-up period, 456 patients (82.3%) survived, 81 (14.6%) died, and 17 (3.1%) were lost to follow-up. After controlling for confounding factors, Cox regression analysis indicated that, the risk of two-year post-discharge mortality in cognitive frailty group was 2.039〔95%CI (1.060, 3.922) 〕times higher than that of those with normal cognitive function and non-frailty, and was 5.266〔95%CI (3.159, 8.778) 〕times higher than that of those with simple cognitive frailty (P<0.05) .

Conclusion

Cognitive frailty is common among elderly inpatients with comorbid conditions, and it can increase the relative risk of two-year post-discharge mortality. Clinical medical workers should pay more attention to this group to identify high-risk individuals of cognitive frailty as soon as possible and give them preventive interventionsin time.

Key words: Aged, Multiple chronic conditions, Inpatients, Cognitive frailty, Root cause analysis, Prognosis