关键词: 乳腺疾病；女性；超声检查, 乳房；乳腺囊肿；生长；影响因素分析

Abstract: Background　The incidence of benign breast nodules is increasing in recent years，but studies about the factors affecting the growth of benign breast nodules measured by ultrasound（BI-RADS 2 or 3） are very limited. Objective　To identify factors associated with the growth of benign breast nodules. Methods　A total of 1 399 women with newly detected benign breast nodules by annual ultrasound screening for breast were selected from Health Management Center of Tianjin Medical University General Hospital between January 2013 and January 2019. Basic demographics，blood lipids，blood glucose，tumor markers and routine blood parameters were analyzed. Ultrasonic imaging characteristics such as the location，number，size，echo，composition，margin，morphology，calcification，blood flow，ductal dilatation，and presence of nodules in the contralateral breast were analyzed at baseline and during follow-up. Multivariate Cox proportional hazards model was used to identify the factors associated with the growth of benign breast nodules. Results　The mean age of the participants was （45.7±9.3）years，and the median follow-up time was 1.08 years. Up to the study's completion time，654 cases （46.7%） showed an increase in the diameter of the nodules measured by ultrasound. Multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression analysis results revealed that，age <50 years old 〔HR=1.25，95%CI（1.05，1.50）〕，platelet count >252×109/L 〔HR=1.19，95%CI（1.01，1.40）〕，maximum diameter of nodules <8 mm 〔HR=1.62，95%CI（1.35，1.95）〕，and multiple nodules〔HR=1.23，95%CI（1.03，1.47）〕 were all independent risk factors for the growth of benign breast nodules. Conclusion　Increased risk of growth of benign breast nodules in women was independently associated with younger age，elevated platelet count，smaller maximum diameter of breast nodules initially measured by ultrasound，and prevalence of multiple nodules. Therefore，clinical priority should be given to the monitoring of breast nodules and shorten the follow-up interval in female individuals with one of the above-mentioned risk factors，to achieve timely control and effective management of nodules.

Key words: Breast diseases；Femininity；Ultrasonography, mammary；Breast cyst；Growth；Root cause analysis