中国全科医学 ›› 2020, Vol. 23 ›› Issue (34): 4298-4303.DOI: 10.12114/j.issn.1007-9572.2020.00.528

• 专题研究 • 上一篇    下一篇

基于突发疫情防控完善社区公共卫生人才队伍长期建设机制的对策研究

刘亚军*,刘志刚,赵京,贾建平,王东瑞,吴文娟,张向东   

  1. 100053北京市社区卫生服务管理中心
    *通信作者:刘亚军,副研究员;E-mail:sgzx_lyj@126.com
  • 出版日期:2020-12-05 发布日期:2020-12-05

Strategies Derived from COVID-19 Outbreak Containment for Improving the Long-term Mechanism of Developing the Community Public Health Team 

LIU Yajun*,LIU Zhigang,ZHAO Jing,JIA Jianping,WANG Dongrui,WU Wenjuan,ZHANG Xiangdong   

  1. Beijing Management Center for Community Health Services,Beijing 100053,China
    *Corresponding author:LIU Yajun,Associate professor;E-mail:sgzx_lyj@126.com
  • Published:2020-12-05 Online:2020-12-05

摘要: 背景 2020年新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情发生以来,在社区防控范围内的公共卫生专业技术人员数量不足和分布不均问题凸显,进一步加强和完善社区公共卫生人才队伍长期建设迫在眉睫。目的 结合北京市社区公共卫生人才队伍长期建设结果和社区新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情防控工作,探讨社区公共卫生人员队伍长期建设中存在的问题,提出关于完善基于突发疫情防控的社区公共卫生人才队伍长期建设的建议。方法 于2020年2—4月,利用2010—2019年北京市卫生健康委社区卫生人员基本情况法定报表,对连续10年社区卫生在岗公共卫生人员数量、人员结构、岗位吸引力、人力资源配置公平性(基尼系数)等变化趋势进行描述性分析。结果 2010—2019年,北京市社区公共卫生岗位人员数量由2 139例增加至3 488例,年均增长率5.58%,高于同期社区全体人员(3.25%)和卫生技术人员(3.26%)年均增长率。2010年北京市社区公共卫生岗位人员平均年龄(35.9±10.7)岁,2019年为(37.6±9.4)岁;2019年与2010年相比,<30岁的年轻人占比减小(χ2=197.252,P<0.001);学历水平由以大学专科为主(41.37%)转变以大学本科(46.33%)为主;中高级职称占比由26.60%增加至38.27%;京籍人员占比由74.10%下降至70.99%;享受编制内政策保障的人员由82.89%下降至78.21%;去除正常退休流失人员,社区公共卫生岗位10年共计非正常流失1 327例,非正常流失总量和占比呈逐年增加趋势。2010年北京市社区公共卫生岗位人员资源配置按人口和地理面积分布的基尼系数分别为0.300 1、0.763 6,2019年分别为0.222 8、0.696 6。结论 北京市社区公共卫生人才队伍长期建设中,人员数量、学历和职称结构逐渐优化,政府主导的社区卫生体系建设确保公共卫生人力资源按人口分布的公平性较高,确保有效开展包括疫情防控在内的社区各项公共卫生服务,但队伍年龄逐渐增加、岗位吸引力日渐不足的问题逐渐暴露,应引起足够重视和思考,进一步完善社区公共卫生岗位人才队伍长期建设机制。

关键词: 社区卫生服务, 公共卫生, 卫生人力, 传染病控制, 新型冠状病毒肺炎

Abstract: Background Community-based containment of COVID-19 outbreak in 2020 in China has revealed that community public health professionals involving in the containment are insufficient and their distribution is uneven,so it is urgently to strengthen and improve the development of community public health(CPH) teams. Objective To summarize and analyze the main problems in long-term development of CPH teams and community-based COVID-19 containment,and based on this,to develop strategies for improving long-term construction of CPH teams amid COVID-19. Methods We collected the data during February to April 2020 by reviewing the contents of Essential Information of Community Health Professionals in Beijing legally reported to Beijing Municipal Health Commission. We analyzed the trend of changes in the quantity,structure,post attraction and distribution inequality(using Gini coefficient) of incumbent CPH professionals during 10 consecutive years(2010—2019) using descriptive analysis. Results The annual growth rate of the number of CPH professionals was 5.58%(from 2 139 in 2010 to 3 488 in 2019),which was higher than that of community staff(3.25%) and health professionals(3.26%) in the same period. The average age of CPH professionals was(35.9±10.7) years in 2010,and (37.6±9.4) years in 2019. The proportion of young people(under 30 years old) decreased(χ2=197.252,P<0.001)compared to 2010. In 2010,those with three-year college degree were the majority(41.37%),while in 2019,those with 5-year college degree were the majority(46.33%). The percentage of those with an intermediate or senior professional title increased from 26.60% to 38.27%. The percentage of Beijing natives decreased from 74.10% to 70.99%. The percentage of officially budgeted decreased from 82.89% to 78.21%. Except those retired normally,a total of 1 327 cases flowed out. The number and percentage of cases flowed out increased yearly. Gini coefficients for CPH professionals distribution by the number of population and geography were 0.300 1,and 0.763 6,respectively in 2010,and were 0.222 8,and 0.696 6,respectively in 2019. Conclusion The number of CPH professionals,as same as the structure of education and professional titles,has been gradually optimized during long-term construction in Beijing. Local government-led community health system can ensure a high level of equity in the distribution of CPH professionals based on population and ensure the effective implementation of epidemic containment and other community public health services.However,some problems have gradually revealed,such as gradually increased average age of CPH professionals,and decreased post attraction,which are worth noting and thinking for the sake of further optimizing the long-term mechanism of developing the CPH team.

Key words: Community health services, Public health, Health manpower, Communicable disease control, COVID-19