关键词: 欺负, 攻击, 儿童, 学龄前, 日托幼儿园, 横断面研究

Abstract: Background　Available studies about bullying behaviors mainly using primary school and junior high school students as the subjects，but few using 3-6-year-old children.Objective　To survey the bullying behaviors among 3-6-year-old children in Guangxi，providing a reference for better controlling and preventing the bullying behaviors in this population.Methods　This survey was conducted from March to May 2018.By use of cluster sampling，1 054 children were selected from 30 classes of 10 kindergartens〔3 classes were （a junior，a medium and a senior） extracted from each kindergarten〕in Guilin，Liuzhou，Laibin，Nanning and Yulin，Guangxi Province.A self-developed questionnaire named Bullying Behavior Assessment among 3-6-year-old Children was used in the survey，which was filled in by the class teacher for the children according to their reported information，including demographic data，bullying behavior rating scale〔consisting of four subscales：direct forms of being bullied（verbal，physical and property bullying），indirect forms of being bullied，bullying others and responses to bullying〕 settings where bullying occurring．Moreover，on-site videos recorded by the camera were also used to collect relevant bullying data.Results　The questionnaire survey achieved a response rate of 93.2%（982
/1 054）.Among the 982 final participants （518 were male and 464 were female），except 798（81.3%） cases，other 184（18.7%）cases were involved in bullying，including 34 victims of indirect bullying，98 victims of direct bullying，and 52 offenders of bullying.Male children had higher prevalence rate of being victims or offenders of bullying than female children （P<0.05）.The prevalence rates of being involved in bullying，victims of direct bullying differed significantly across junior，medium and senior classes （P<0.05）.Male children had lower prevalence rate of direct verbal bullying and higher prevalence rate of direct physical bullying than female children （P<0.05）.The prevalence rate of direct verbal bullying and rate of victims of indirect bullying differed significantly across junior，medium and senior classes （P<0.05）.The average score of responses to bullying subscale of the victims of bullying was higher than that of those who were not involved in bullying 〔（19.9±4.1） vs （10.3±3.5）〕（t=28.15，P<0.01）.The top three settings where bullying occurring most frequently were activity room 〔76 cases （41.3%）〕，outdoor activity field〔36 cases （19.6%）〕，aisle and hall〔34 cases （18.5%）〕.Prevalence of bullying occurring in outdoor activity field，activity room and kindergarten corner were significantly different across junior，medium and senior classes（P<0.05）.Conclusion　The prevalence of bullying among 3-6-year-old children in Guangxi is high.The prevalence rates of being involved in bullying，offenders of bullying，victims of direct verbal bullying and direct physical bullying differ significantly according to sex.The prevalence rates of being involved in bullying，victims of direct bullying and victims of direct verbal bullying，victims suffering bullying in silence，and settings where bullying occurring differ significantly across junior，medium and senior classes.

Key words: Bullying；Aggression；Child, preschool；Child day care centers；Cross-sectional studies