中国全科医学 ›› 2020, Vol. 23 ›› Issue (9): 1151-1157.DOI: 10.12114/j.issn.1007-9572.2019.00.713

• 专题研究 • 上一篇    下一篇

全科专业住院医师规范化培训学员职业倦怠及其影响因素研究

刘芳1,唐大龙2,刘伟楠1,周稳1,朱滨海2*   

  1. 1.211166江苏省南京市,南京医科大学医政学院  2.210029江苏省南京市,南京医科大学第一附属医院教育处
    *通信作者:朱滨海,研究员,硕士生导师;E-mail:zhubinh@sina.com
  • 出版日期:2020-03-20 发布日期:2020-03-20
  • 基金资助:
    基金项目:江苏省社会科学基金重点项目(16ZHA002);江苏省第五期“333工程”科研项目资助计划(BRA2017549);江苏省卫生计生委住培管理课题(G2016003)

Job Burnout and Associated Factors in Trainees Attending the Standardized General Practice Residency Training 

LIU Fang1,TANG Dalong2,LIU Weinan1,ZHOU Wen1,ZHU Binhai2*   

  1. 1.School of Health Policy & Management,Nanjing Medical University,Nanjing 211166,China
    2.Department of Education,the First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University,Nanjing 210029,China
    *Corresponding author:ZHU Binhai,Researcher,Master supervisor;E-mail:zhubinh@sina.com
  • Published:2020-03-20 Online:2020-03-20

摘要: 背景 全科医师是初级医疗保健体系和分级诊疗的重要支点,全科专业住院医师规范化培训(以下简称全科住培)是培养高素质全科医师最重要的渠道,但目前我国的执业现状使学员易产生职业倦怠,分析其职业倦怠影响因素可为完善全科住培管理和壮大全科医师队伍提供依据。目的 了解全科住培学员职业倦怠现状,并分析其影响因素。方法 2019年3—4月,从江苏省13个市各抽取1家国家级全科住培基地,基地内全科学员全样本调查,共抽取682名学员。采用自制社会人口学调查表、职业倦怠普适量表调查学员的职业倦怠情况,采用多元线性回归分析探讨全科住培学员职业倦怠的影响因素。结果 共发放问卷682份,回收有效问卷604份,有效问卷回收率为88.6%。职业倦怠3个维度情绪耗竭维度得分为(15.34±7.02)分、去个性化维度得分为(9.17±6.36)分、个人成就感低落维度得分为(13.61±8.12)分。零倦怠检出率为43.7%(264/604),轻度职业倦怠检出率为27.3%(165/604),中度职业倦怠检出率为21.5%(130/604),重度职业倦怠检出率为7.5%(45/604)。体育锻炼次数、睡眠时长是全科住培学员情绪耗竭的影响因素(P<0.05);学历、体育锻炼次数、睡眠时长、参加住培年度、收入水平是全科住培学员去个性化的影响因素(P<0.05);性别、身份归属和体育锻炼次数是全科住培学员个人成就感低落的影响因素(P<0.05)。结论 全科住培学员职业倦怠检出率较高。体育锻炼次数、睡眠时长、参加住培年度、收入水平、学历、性别、身份归属是全科住培学员职业倦怠的影响因素。建议加强全科住培学员体育锻炼和心理建设、探索构建“行业社会人”的培养模式、夯实基层基地的建设、提高全科住培学员薪资待遇等,来缓解或降低其职业倦怠程度。

关键词: 疲劳, 职业, 全科医生, 住院医师规范化培训, 影响因素分析

Abstract: Background In China,Standardized General Practice Residency Training (SGPRT) is the most important way for cultivating high-quality general practitioners(GPs),the key supporting force for primary health care system and hierarchical medical system.However,the trainees are prone to job burnout due to current unsatisfactory practice situation.Analyzing the associated factors of job burnout can provide a basis for improving the management of SGPRT and strengthening the GP force.Objective To explore the prevalence and associated factors of job burnout in trainees of SGPRT.Methods From March to April 2019,a survey was conducted in 682 trainees from 13 national SGPRT sites in 13 cities(one site from each city),Jiangsu Province by use of cluster sampling with a self-designed sociodemographic questionnaire and the MBI-GS.Multiple linear regression was used to identify the associated factors of job burnout.Results 682 questionnaires were issued,the overall response rate of the survey was 88.6%(604/682).The mean scores for the subscales of emotional exhaustion,depersonalization,and personal accomplishment were (15.34±7.02) (9.17±6.36) (13.61±8.12),respectively.The prevalence of no,mild,moderate and severe job burnout was 43.7%(264/604),27.3%(165/604),21.5%(130/604),and 7.5%(45/604),respectively.Education level,exercise frequency,duration of sleep,the year of attending the SGPRT,income level were associated with depersonalization.Sex,enrolment source,and exercise frequency were associated with diminished personal accomplishment.Conclusion The rate of job burnout among the trainees is high.Exercise frequency,duration of sleep,the year of attending the SGPRT,income level,education level,sex,and enrolment source are associated with job burnout in trainees of SGPRT.In view of this,to reduce the job burnout level,it is recommended to strengthen the physical exercise and psychological construction of the trainees,explore the mode for training medical social workers,strengthen the construction of primary training bases,and improve the income level of the trainees.

Key words: Fatigue, Occupations, General practitioners, Resident physician of general standardized training, Root cause analysis