关键词: 鼻炎, 变应性, 季节性；患病率；临床症状；花粉

Abstract: Background　In recent years，the prevalence of allergic rhinitis（AR） is increasing all over the world，but little research has been done on grassland areas in eastern Inner Mongolia，China．Objective　To investigate the prevalence of AR and to analyze the clinical symptoms and allergic causes in Tongliao，Inner Mongolia，so as to provide the basis for the prevention，diagnosis and health management departments to formulate relevant policies．Methods　A total of
2 013 permanent residents in Tongliao City，Jarud Banner and Kailu County were selected by stratified random sampling method from May to August 2015．Questionnaire survey and skin prick test of allergens were conducted by specialists （10 common inhalation allergens were detected in grassland areas）．The diagnosis of AR was mainly based on the related guideline．The questionnaire mainly included basic sociological data （age，sex，nationality，place of residence，region），clinical symptoms （nasal symptoms，eye symptoms，other symptoms），combined diseases，food and drug allergies，and seasonal changes of clinical symptoms．The skin prick test results of allergens in patients with confirmed AR were analyzed.Results　A total of
2 013 questionnaires were sent out，and 1 954 valid questionnaires were recovered，with a recovery rate of 97.1%．Among 1 954 residents，the self-reported AR prevalence rate was 30.8% （601 cases） and the confirmed AR prevalence rate was 18.1%（353 cases）．The average age of 353 AR patients was （45.3±15.0） years；161 were male，192 were female，and the ratio of male to female was 1∶1.2；193 were Han，143 Mongolian，and Han and Mongolian ratio was 1.3∶1．There were significant differences in AR prevalence among residents of different ages，places of residence，and regions （P<0.05）．There were no significant differences in gender and ethnic group in terms of AR prevalence （P> 0.05）．The main nasal symptoms of AR patients were sneezing （95.8%），itching （92.4%） and running nose（85.3%）．Eye itching was the main symptom （61.8%）of eye symptoms．Other symptoms were fatigue （42.5%） and drowsiness （40.5%）．In AR patients，conjunctivitis （64.0%），urticaria （29.5%） and hypertension（17.8%） were main complications．Patients with AR complicated with food allergy accounted for 17.3% （61/353），and those complicated with drug allergy accounted for 24.9% （88/353）．The peak period of clinical symptoms of AR patients in this area in 2015 was April and July，and the peak period of pollen appeared was April and August．The peak period of AR clinical symptoms in April in this area coincided with the peak period of pollen in Spring，but the peak period of AR clinical symptoms in summer was July，which was one month ahead of the peak period of pollen．The first three allergens with positive rate of allergen skin prick test was Artemisia pollen （21.96%），Chenopodiaceae pollen （21.49%） and Humulus pollen （20.06%）．Most patients were allergic to three or more pollens〔71.10%（251/353）〕.Conclusion　The prevalence of AR in Tongliao，Inner Mongolia stays at a high level．Sneezing and itching are the main symptoms of nasal symptoms，itching is the main symptom of eye symptoms，and fatigue and sleepiness are the main symptoms of other symptoms．Conjunctivitis and urticaria are the main complications associated with AR．Pollen exposure is one of the most important factors causing AR，and the influence of Artemisia pollen in spring and summer  can not be ignored.

Key words: Rhinitis, allergic, seasonal；Prevalence；Clinic symptom；Pollen