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中国全科医学 ›› 2018, Vol. 21 ›› Issue (16): 1989-1992.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-9572.2018.16.017

• 专题研究 • 上一篇    下一篇

我国高校农村订单定向医学本科生培养方案现状研究

李玉华1，郝婷2，陈立章1*   

  1. 1.410000湖南省长沙市，中南大学湘雅公共卫生学院　2.830011新疆乌鲁木齐，新疆医科大学研究生处
    *通信作者：陈立章，教授，博士生导师；E-mail：Chenliz@csu.edu.cn
  • 出版日期:2018-06-05 发布日期:2018-06-05
  • 基金资助:
    2015年度教育部人文社会科学研究基金项目（15XJJA880002）——新疆农村订单定向免费本科医学人才培养模式研究

Medical Science Undergraduate Free Training Programs Specifically Designed for Rural Practice in China　

  1. 1.XiangYa School of Public Health，Central South University，Changsha 410000，China
    2.Graduate office，Xinjiang Medical University，Urumqi 830011，China
    *Corresponding author：CHEN Li-zhang，Professor，Doctoral supervisor；E-mail：Chenliz@csu.edu.cn
  • Published:2018-06-05 Online:2018-06-05

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摘要： 目的　了解国内开展农村订单定向医学本科生（定向生）培养的现状，分析、探讨存在的问题和不足，为推进农村地区全科医学人才培养模式改革提供依据。方法　采用目的抽样法，分别从我国东部、中部、西部地区选取了开展定向生培养的19所医学院校为研究对象，其中东部地区4所，中部地区6所，西部地区9所。于2016年4—6月采用自行设计的问卷进行调查。问卷的主要内容包括：定向生培养课程结构、全科医学类课程开设情况、培养模式、实践课程开设情况。19份问卷均填写完整。结果　19所医学院校定向生培养课程总学时为2 748~3 736学时，平均3 259.84学时；理论与实践课程学时比例为1∶0.80~1∶0.21，平均为1∶0.43。其中公共基础与人文通识课程、基础医学课程、临床医学课程、公共卫生与全科医学课程平均1 051.32、919.79、1 031.37、257.37学时，分别占总学时的32.25%、28.22%、31.64%、7.90%。19所医学院校定向生全科医学类课程开设门数为0~4门；全科医学类课程学时为0~168学时，平均80.32学时；全科医学类课程学时占总学时的比例为0~5.14%，平均2.46%；全科医学类课程学分为0~9学分，平均4.66学分。19所医学院校中，11所院校采取的定向生培养模式为“4+1”模式，8所院校采取的定向生培养模式为“3.5+1.5”模式。开设整合实验课程、医学导论课、临床技能训练、临床见习、临床实习、疾病预防控制中心（CDC）实习、社区实习、社会实践的院校分别为16、8、10、19、19、4、13、2所。结论　目前国内高校农村定向生的人才培养方案尚不完善，全科医学类课程开展较少、学时较少，有待于进一步的调整和优化。

关键词: 农村订单定向医学生培养, 方案评价, 医学院校

Abstract: Objective　To identify the challenges and areas for improvement in medical science undergraduate free training programs specifically designed for rural practice in China，providing support for the reform of rural general practitioner training mode.Methods　From April to June 2016，we conducted a survey in a purposive sample of managers responsible for educational administrative affairs from 19 medical universities（4 in eastern China，6 in central China and 9 in western China） offering free training programs for medical science undergraduates specifically designed for rural practice with a self-developed questionnaire for collecting the data concerning curriculum structure，general medical courses，training mode and practical training courses.All of the 19 questionnaires were completed.Results　The total credit hours of medical science undergraduate free training programs specifically designed for rural practice ranged from 2 748 to 3 736，averaged 3 259.84.The ratio of theoretical and practical training courses ranged from 1∶0.80 to 1∶0.21，averaged 1∶0.43.The average credit hours for common and humanities courses，basic medical science courses，clinical medical science courses，and public health and general medical science courses was 1 051.32，919.79，1 031.37，257.37，respectively，accounting for 32.25%，28.22%，31.64%，7.90% of the total credit hours，respectively.The number of general medical courses offered by these 19 universities was 0-4，with credit hours of 0-168（mean 80.32），accounting for 0-5.14% of the total credit hours （mean 2.46%），and credits of 0-9 （mean 4.66）.11 universities employed “4+1” training mode（4-year theoretical learning and 1-year practical training），while other 8 universities adopted “3.5+1.5” training mode （3.5-year theoretical learning and 1.5-year practical training）.16 universities offered integrated experimental courses，8 offered courses about introduction to medicine，10 offered clinical skill training courses，4 offered interning in CDC schemes，13 offered interning in community healthcare settings schemes，and 2 offered social practice schemes，but all of them offered clinical teaching and practice schemes.Conclusion　The current medical science undergraduate free training programs specifically designed for rural practice need to be improved in some aspects such as the number and credit hours of general medical courses are to be increased.

 

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