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中国全科医学 ›› 2018, Vol. 21 ›› Issue (16): 1949-1953.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-9572.2018.16.009

• 专题研究 • 上一篇    下一篇

失独家庭父母的养老意愿及影响因素研究

荣超1，赵峰1，谢蓉蓉1，傅传喜2，王晓鸣3，沈淑华3，郑卫军2，陈如程2，谭建刚1*   

  1. 1.310053浙江省杭州市，浙江中医药大学人文与管理学院　2.310053浙江省杭州市，浙江中医药大学公共卫生学院　3.310006浙江省杭州市，浙江中医药大学附属第一医院治未病中心
    *通信作者：谭建刚，副教授；E-mail：tjg78@sohu.com
  • 出版日期:2018-06-05 发布日期:2018-06-05
  • 基金资助:
    国家社会科学基金项目（16CSH071）

Status and Influencing Factors for Self-reported Elderly Care Options among Chinese People Bereaved of Their Only Child　

  1. 1.School of Humanities and Management，Zhejiang Chinese Medical University，Hangzhou 310053，China
    2.School of Public Health，Zhejiang Chinese Medical University，Hangzhou 310053，China
    3.Center for Health and Disease Prevention，First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University，Hangzhou 310006，China
    *Corresponding author：TAN Jian-gang，Associate professor；E-mail：tjg78@sohu.com
  • Published:2018-06-05 Online:2018-06-05

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摘要： 目的　探讨失独家庭父母的养老意愿及影响因素。方法　于2017年7—8月采用多阶段抽样法，在我国东部某省辖市抽取年龄≥45岁的失独家庭父母235例。采用问卷调查的方法收集其基本情况、社会支持状况、心理健康状况及养老意愿，其中社会支持状况采用社会支持评定量表（SSRS）评价，心理健康状况采用老年抑郁量表（GDS）评价，养老意愿包括养老居住意愿和养老照护者选择情况。采用多因素Logistic回归分析探讨失独家庭父母养老意愿的影响因素。结果　共回收有效问卷195份，问卷有效回收率为83.0%。关于养老居住意愿，选择社区居家养老者85例（43.6%），选择机构养老者110例（56.4%）。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示，SSRS得分是失独家庭父母养老居住意愿的影响因素（P<0.05）。关于养老照护者选择情况，选择家人者73例（37.4%），选择护士/养老护理员者87例（44.6%），选择保姆/志愿者者35例（18.0%）。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示，文化程度、患病种数及是否有第三代是失独家庭父母选择养老照护者的影响因素（P<0.05）。结论　社会支持程度较高的失独家庭父母更倾向于选择机构养老；文化程度、患病种数、是否有第三代影响了失独家庭父母对养老照护者的选择。建议为低社会支持的失独家庭父母筹建社区居家养老服务平台；同时加强护士/养老护理员的培养力度，丰富社区全科医生的签约服务内容，提高服务频率。

关键词: 失独家庭, 医养结合, 养老类型, 照护者, 影响因素分析

Abstract: Objective　To explore the status and influencing factors of the self-reported elderly care options among Chinese people who lost their only child.Methods　We conducted a survey among a multi-stage sample of 235 cases aged 45 or older who lost their only child from a city under provincial jurisdiction in eastern China between July and August 2017 with a self-developed questionnaire consisting of questions about sociodemographic characteristics，social support〔assessed by Social Support Rating Scale（SSRS）〕，mental status〔assessed by Geriatric Depression Scale（GDS）〕，as well as preferred type of elderly care and caregivers during the aging period.Multivariate Logistic regression analysis was carried out for investigating the influencing factors for self-reported elderly care options.Results　The survey achieved a response rate of 83.0%（195/235）.In terms of type of elderly care，85（43.6%） preferred community and home-based care，while 110（56.4%） preferred institution-based care.With regard to caregivers，73（37.4%） preferred family members，87（44.6%） preferred nurses/nursing assistants，and 35（18.0%） preferred nannies/ volunteers.Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that SSRS score was the influencing factor for the preferred type of elderly care（P<0.05）；educational level，number of comorbidities，and third-generation family members were associated with the choice of caregivers（P<0.05）.Conclusion　The bereaved parents with high educational level were more likely to choose institution-based care.Educational level，number of comorbidities，and third-generation family members were associated with the choice of caregivers.It is suggested to develop a community and home-based elderly care platform for bereaved parents with low level of social support；strengthen the training of nurses and nursing assistants for elderly care；enrich the contractual services provided by community-based physicians and incentivize them to increase the necessary service frequencies.

 

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