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中国全科医学 ›› 2018, Vol. 21 ›› Issue (16): 1944-1948.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-9572.2018.16.008

• 专题研究 • 上一篇    下一篇

失独家庭父母的心理健康状况及影响因素研究

樊宏1，郑丽杰2，冷志伟3，李殿江1，毛盈颖4*，朱晨曦5，王向国6，郑文7，孙笛枫8   

  1. 1.210029江苏省南京市，南京医科大学公共卫生学院　2.310013浙江省杭州市西湖区文新街道社区卫生服务中心　3.310053浙江省杭州市，浙江中医药大学人文与管理学院　4.310053浙江省杭州市，浙江中医药大学公共卫生学院　5.310006浙江省杭州市，浙江省卫生信息中心　6.241000安徽省芜湖市镜湖区卫生和计划生育委员会　7.644311四川省宜宾市长宁县铜鼓镇人民政府　8.330100浙江省杭州市上城区清波街道幸福家家庭综合服务中心
    *通信作者：毛盈颖，讲师；E-mail：myy@zcmu.edu.cn
  • 出版日期:2018-06-05 发布日期:2018-06-05
  • 基金资助:
    教育部人文社会科学研究青年项目（15YJC840024）；浙江省自然科学基金资助项目（LQ15G030006）；江苏高校哲学社会科学研究基金项目（2017SJB0267）；中国博士后基金面上项目（2016M600400）；浙江省社会科学界联合会2015年研究课题（2015N146）

Status and Influencing Factors of Mental Health among Chinese People Bereaved of Their Only Child　

  1. 1.School of Public Health，Nanjing Medical University，Nanjing 210029，China
    2.Hangzhou West Lake District Wenxin Street Community Health Center，Hangzhou 310013，China
    3.School of Humanities and Management，Zhejiang Chinese Medical University，Hangzhou 310053，China
    4.School of Public Health，Zhejiang Chinese Medical University，Hangzhou 310053，China
    5.Zhejiang Health Information Center，Hangzhou 310006，China
    6.Wuhu Jinghu District Health and Family Planning Commission，Wuhu 241000，China
    7.Tonggu Town People's Government，Yibin 644311，China
    8.Hangzhou Shangcheng Qingbo Street Xingfujia Integrated Home Service Center，Hangzhou 330100，China
    *Corresponding author：MAO Ying-ying，Lecturer；E-mail：myy@zcmu.edu.cn
  • Published:2018-06-05 Online:2018-06-05

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摘要： 目的　探讨失独家庭父母的心理健康状况及影响因素，以提出合理的心理扶助对策。方法　于2017年7—8月采用多阶段抽样法，在我国东部某省辖市抽取年龄≥45岁的失独家庭父母235例。采用问卷调查的方法收集其基本情况、社会支持状况及抑郁状况，其中社会支持状况采用社会支持评定量表（SSRS）评价，抑郁状况采用老年抑郁量表（GDS）评价。采用多元线性逐步回归分析探讨失独家庭父母抑郁状况的影响因素。结果　共回收有效问卷228份，问卷有效回收率为97.0%。根据GDS得分，无抑郁症者149例（65.3%），轻度抑郁者59例（25.9%），中重度抑郁者20例（8.8%）。文化程度为初中及以下者GDS得分高于高中/中专者，非在婚者GDS得分高于在婚者，无第三代者GDS得分高于有第三代者，自评健康状况为差者GDS得分高于自评健康状况为好、中者，患病者GDS得分高于未患病者，差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。多元线性逐步回归分析结果显示，是否有第三代、自评健康状况、SSRS得分是失独家庭父母GDS得分的影响因素（P<0.05）。结论　失独家庭父母的抑郁程度较高，无第三代、健康状况较差、社会支持程度较低者的抑郁程度更高。建议丰富并强化社区医养护一体化签约服务内容，改善失独家庭父母的健康状况；帮助失独家庭父母孕育、领养后代或依托社会工作者为其提供有力支持；多种渠道提高失独家庭父母的社会支持水平；同时关注文化程度较低、非在婚者的心理健康状况。

关键词: 失独家庭, 抑郁, 医养结合, 影响因素分析

Abstract: Objective　To explore the mental health status and influencing factors among Chinese people bereaved of their only child，and based on this，to put forward targeted interventions.Methods　From July to August 2017，we implemented a survey among a multi-stage sample of 235 Chinese people（≥45 years old） who were bereaved of their only child from a city under provincial jurisdiction in eastern China with a self-developed questionnaire covering questions about sociodemographic characteristics，social support〔assessed by Social Support Rating Scale（SSRS）〕，and depression status〔assessed by Geriatric Depression Scale （GDS）〕.Stepwise multiple linear regression analysis was performed for investigating the associated factors for self-reported depression.Results　Totaled 228 cases returned responsive questionnaires，with a response rate of 97.0%.According to the self-administered GDS score，149（65.3%） were found with no depression，but 59（25.9%） with mild depression，and 20（8.8%） with moderate-to-severe depression.Higher GDS score were found in those with junior high school or lower educational level instead of those with high school/secondary specialized school educational level，in those singles rather than married，in those without third-generation family members instead of those with，in those with poor self-reported physical health rather than those with good and fair self-reported physical health as well as in the sick but not in the healthy ones（P<0.05）.Stepwise multiple linear regression analysis showed that third-generation family members，self-reported physical heath and SSRS score were associated with the GDS score（P<0.05）.Conclusion　The prevalence of depression is high in the bereaved Chinese people.Moreover，no third-generation family members，poor physical status，and low level of social support are associated with higher prevalence of depression.In view of this，it is suggested to improve the health of the bereaved by intensively enriching the community-based integrated contractual medical and nursing services，to help them to rebuild the status of parenthood by offering assistance in having another child or adopting a child，or to regularly give consolation services by social workers，and to increase the level of social support of them through a variety of channels.In addition，attention should also be focused on those with low educational level or singles.

 

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